{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319298550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15040873","title":"Spatial Downscaling of GRACE Data Based on XGBoost Model for Improved Understanding of Hydrological Droughts in the Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS)","display_name":"Spatial Downscaling of GRACE Data Based on XGBoost Model for Improved Understanding of Hydrological Droughts in the Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS)","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319298550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15040873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15040873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15040873","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/873/pdf?version=1676525059","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/873/pdf?version=1676525059","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018766595","display_name":"Shoaib Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6377-6610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169572211","display_name":"Northeast Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0515nd386","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169572211"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shoaib Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169572211"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085846219","display_name":"Behnam Khorrami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3265-372X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193615760","display_name":"Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dbd8b73","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193615760"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Behnam Khorrami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of GIS, The Graduate School of Applied and Natural Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, 35220 Izmir, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of GIS, The Graduate School of Applied and Natural Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, 35220 Izmir, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193615760"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036024169","display_name":"Muhammad Jehanzaib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5556-3738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Jehanzaib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049417604","display_name":"Aqil Tariq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1196-1248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99041443","display_name":"Mississippi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0432jq872","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aqil Tariq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, 775 Stone Boulevard, Starkville, MS 39762, USA","State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, 775 Stone Boulevard, Starkville, MS 39762, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017321640","display_name":"Muhammad Ajmal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5772-7345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ajmal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056993916","display_name":"Arfan Arshad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0726-1807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115475287","display_name":"Oklahoma State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9vbr38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arfan Arshad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013475006","display_name":"Muhammad Shafeeque","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2152-6672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Shafeeque","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geography, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076717996","display_name":"Adil Dilawar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7295-0361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adil Dilawar","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013782382","display_name":"Iqra Basit","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iqra Basit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing, GIS, and Climate Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space Application), Centre for Remote Sensing, University of The Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing, GIS, and Climate Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space Application), Centre for Remote Sensing, University of The Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100379644","display_name":"Liang-Liang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9154-6292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169572211","display_name":"Northeast Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0515nd386","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169572211"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangliang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169572211"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007628772","display_name":"Samira Sadri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196051555","display_name":"Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz","ror":"https://ror.org/01k3mbs15","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196051555"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samira Sadri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Water Resources Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 6135783151, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Water Resources Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 6135783151, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196051555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001851995","display_name":"Muhammad Ahmad Niaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5974-0909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ahmad Niaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Islamia University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Islamia University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065137123","display_name":"Ahsan Jamil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6855-4147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10052268","display_name":"New Mexico State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hpz7z43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahsan Jamil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, 3170S Espina Str., Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, 3170S Espina Str., Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007415218","display_name":"Shahid Nawaz Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2185-7276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177156846","display_name":"South Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/015jmes13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahid Nawaz Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence, Department of Geography and Geospatial Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence, Department of Geography and Geospatial Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":7,"institutions_distinct_count":14,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049417604"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I99041443"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":29.0556,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99896357,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"873","last_page":"873"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7343536615371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evapotranspiration","display_name":"Evapotranspiration","score":0.5831507444381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indus","display_name":"Indus","score":0.5486257672309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downscaling","display_name":"Downscaling","score":0.5021953582763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.47088226675987244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.44764280319213867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation","display_name":"Irrigation","score":0.4445981979370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.39352044463157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-basin","display_name":"Structural basin","score":0.3068622350692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.1954362690448761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12116017937660217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1000778079032898}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7343536615371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176783924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828158","display_name":"Evapotranspiration","level":2,"score":0.5831507444381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9836676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10450","display_name":"Indus","level":3,"score":0.5486257672309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41156917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682831","display_name":"Downscaling","level":3,"score":0.5021953582763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.47088226675987244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.44764280319213867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.4445981979370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.39352044463157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.3068622350692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.1954362690448761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12116017937660217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1000778079032898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15040873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15040873","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/873/pdf?version=1676525059","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5d466fb61132448f9de9baddc3e086e0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5d466fb61132448f9de9baddc3e086e0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 4, p 873 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de:item_5031869","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_5031869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401313","display_name":"Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210152878","host_organization_name":"GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152878"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gfzpublic.gfz.de:item_5031869","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://gfzpublic.gfz.de/pubman/item/item_5031869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401313","display_name":"Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210152878","host_organization_name":"GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152878"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/4/873/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15040873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15040873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15040873","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/873/pdf?version=1676525059","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319298550.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":132,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W865962863","https://openalex.org/W1482483842","https://openalex.org/W1486133228","https://openalex.org/W1532228020","https://openalex.org/W1536447791","https://openalex.org/W1591945903","https://openalex.org/W1731032083","https://openalex.org/W1771025053","https://openalex.org/W1791484930","https://openalex.org/W1857145603","https://openalex.org/W1963647085","https://openalex.org/W1975693754","https://openalex.org/W1982267696","https://openalex.org/W1990931465","https://openalex.org/W1995622703","https://openalex.org/W2000639480","https://openalex.org/W2001124314","https://openalex.org/W2004053954","https://openalex.org/W2021365919","https://openalex.org/W2021842923","https://openalex.org/W2021945810","https://openalex.org/W2039164479","https://openalex.org/W2054975887","https://openalex.org/W2055633831","https://openalex.org/W2055946791","https://openalex.org/W2057571429","https://openalex.org/W2066448195","https://openalex.org/W2069267948","https://openalex.org/W2071403132","https://openalex.org/W2077968790","https://openalex.org/W2086025221","https://openalex.org/W2089966146","https://openalex.org/W2091232816","https://openalex.org/W2099327766","https://openalex.org/W2103016544","https://openalex.org/W2113429172","https://openalex.org/W2119132330","https://openalex.org/W2144990831","https://openalex.org/W2160394370","https://openalex.org/W2160726523","https://openalex.org/W2168633186","https://openalex.org/W2174742396","https://openalex.org/W2254373047","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2306314321","https://openalex.org/W2387128167","https://openalex.org/W2412203498","https://openalex.org/W2520852046","https://openalex.org/W2529253613","https://openalex.org/W2541019341","https://openalex.org/W2553708848","https://openalex.org/W2577832747","https://openalex.org/W2590402896","https://openalex.org/W2590684147","https://openalex.org/W2591017175","https://openalex.org/W2594358888","https://openalex.org/W2626297770","https://openalex.org/W2761803021","https://openalex.org/W2765345426","https://openalex.org/W2766527683","https://openalex.org/W2768091302","https://openalex.org/W2777518704","https://openalex.org/W2786804361","https://openalex.org/W2793757758","https://openalex.org/W2797461516","https://openalex.org/W2803410606","https://openalex.org/W2804894055","https://openalex.org/W2908659848","https://openalex.org/W2913442006","https://openalex.org/W2925986121","https://openalex.org/W2927427967","https://openalex.org/W2948053842","https://openalex.org/W2966409986","https://openalex.org/W2966868816","https://openalex.org/W2969603861","https://openalex.org/W2974309492","https://openalex.org/W2975147972","https://openalex.org/W2982579886","https://openalex.org/W2990916810","https://openalex.org/W2991695056","https://openalex.org/W2994688647","https://openalex.org/W2996573634","https://openalex.org/W2996686940","https://openalex.org/W3011282527","https://openalex.org/W3014180464","https://openalex.org/W3016917238","https://openalex.org/W3097291153","https://openalex.org/W3099493035","https://openalex.org/W3103655276","https://openalex.org/W3112750002","https://openalex.org/W3115059210","https://openalex.org/W3121240781","https://openalex.org/W3130269368","https://openalex.org/W3139132517","https://openalex.org/W3174734107","https://openalex.org/W3175857075","https://openalex.org/W3189244987","https://openalex.org/W3192501022","https://openalex.org/W3193309261","https://openalex.org/W3197711174","https://openalex.org/W3197848683","https://openalex.org/W3214517576","https://openalex.org/W3217787770","https://openalex.org/W4200019953","https://openalex.org/W4200025572","https://openalex.org/W4200616574","https://openalex.org/W4220669349","https://openalex.org/W4220844619","https://openalex.org/W4223441086","https://openalex.org/W4224295376","https://openalex.org/W4225261963","https://openalex.org/W4280509258","https://openalex.org/W4283370550","https://openalex.org/W4286493286","https://openalex.org/W4291172155","https://openalex.org/W4292553418","https://openalex.org/W4298146621","https://openalex.org/W4309342345","https://openalex.org/W4313897858","https://openalex.org/W4316661017","https://openalex.org/W4318064979","https://openalex.org/W6628737318","https://openalex.org/W6629026951","https://openalex.org/W6632102171","https://openalex.org/W6770864427","https://openalex.org/W6775382391","https://openalex.org/W6785963802","https://openalex.org/W6804767330","https://openalex.org/W6809607993","https://openalex.org/W6839724436","https://openalex.org/W6841378639","https://openalex.org/W6987414544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1861936919","https://openalex.org/W1571827722","https://openalex.org/W2067488787","https://openalex.org/W2012109028","https://openalex.org/W4243533650","https://openalex.org/W2225475192","https://openalex.org/W1563272686","https://openalex.org/W4254399035","https://openalex.org/W4254513639","https://openalex.org/W2328995584"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Climate":[0,23],"change":[1],"may":[2],"cause":[3],"severe":[4],"hydrological":[5,38],"droughts,":[6,144],"leading":[7],"to":[8,14,36,48,75,81,137],"water":[9],"shortages":[10],"which":[11],"will":[12,243],"require":[13],"be":[15,244],"assessed":[16],"using":[17],"high-resolution":[18],"data.":[19],"Gravity":[20],"Recovery":[21],"and":[22,70,111,121,130,141,169,171,196,202,204,210,223],"Experiment":[24],"(GRACE)":[25],"satellite":[26],"Terrestrial":[27],"Water":[28,125],"Storage":[29,126,133],"(TWSA)":[30],"estimates":[31],"offer":[32],"a":[33,151],"promising":[34],"solution":[35],"monitor":[37],"drought,":[39],"but":[40],"its":[41,46],"coarse":[42],"resolution":[43],"(1\u00b0)":[44],"limits":[45],"applications":[47],"small":[49],"regions":[50],"of":[51,143,148,200,207,240],"the":[52,87,91,119,139,157,179,193,231],"Indus":[53],"Basin":[54],"Irrigation":[55],"System":[56],"(IBIS).":[57],"Here":[58],"we":[59],"employed":[60],"machine":[61],"learning":[62],"models":[63],"such":[64],"as":[65],"Extreme":[66],"Gradient":[67],"Boosting":[68],"(XGBoost)":[69],"Artificial":[71],"Neural":[72],"Network":[73],"(ANN)":[74],"downscale":[76],"GRACE":[77],"TWSA":[78],"from":[79],"1\u00b0":[80],"0.25\u00b0.":[82],"The":[83,146,214,238],"findings":[84,239],"revealed":[85],"that":[86,227],"XGBoost":[88],"model":[89,93,220],"outperformed":[90],"ANN":[92],"with":[94,156,198],"Nash":[95],"Sutcliff":[96],"Efficiency":[97],"(NSE)":[98],"(0.99),":[99,103],"Pearson":[100],"correlation":[101],"(R)":[102],"Root":[104],"Mean":[105,112],"Square":[106,217],"Error":[107,114],"(RMSE)":[108],"(5.22":[109],"mm),":[110],"Absolute":[113],"(MAE)":[115],"(2.75":[116],"mm)":[117],"between":[118,221],"predicted":[120],"GRACE-derived":[122],"TWSA.":[123],"Further,":[124],"Deficit":[127],"Index":[128,161,176],"(WSDI)":[129],"WSD":[131,206],"(Water":[132],"Deficit)":[134],"were":[135,190],"used":[136],"determine":[138],"severity":[140],"episodes":[142,189],"respectively.":[145,213],"results":[147],"WSDI":[149,199,222],"exhibited":[150],"strong":[152],"agreement":[153],"when":[154],"compared":[155],"Standardized":[158],"Precipitation":[159],"Evapotranspiration":[160],"(SPEI)":[162],"at":[163],"different":[164],"time":[165],"scales":[166],"(1-,":[167],"3-,":[168],"6-months)":[170],"self-calibrated":[172],"Palmer":[173],"Drought":[174],"Severity":[175],"(sc-PDSI).":[177],"Moreover,":[178],"IBIS":[180],"had":[181,230],"experienced":[182],"increasing":[183],"drought":[184,188,235],"episodes,":[185],"e.g.,":[186],"eight":[187],"detected":[191],"within":[192],"years":[194],"2010":[195],"2016":[197],"\u22121.20":[201],"\u22121.28":[203],"total":[205],"\u2212496.99":[208],"mm":[209],"\u2212734.01":[211],"mm,":[212],"Partial":[215],"Least":[216],"Regression":[218],"(PLSR)":[219],"climatic":[224],"variables":[225],"indicated":[226],"potential":[228],"evaporation":[229],"largest":[232],"influence":[233],"on":[234],"after":[236],"precipitation.":[237],"this":[241],"study":[242],"helpful":[245],"for":[246],"drought-related":[247],"decision-making":[248],"in":[249],"IBIS.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
