{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4316467911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020508","title":"Classification of Conservation Tillage Using Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model","display_name":"Classification of Conservation Tillage Using Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4316467911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020508"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020508","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/508/pdf?version=1673947727","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/508/pdf?version=1673947727","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005039268","display_name":"Dapeng Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8493-0464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101301","display_name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01a9z1q73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dapeng Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072696463","display_name":"Jia Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3590-6358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101301","display_name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01a9z1q73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jia Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034134503","display_name":"Kaishan Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9996-2450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101301","display_name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01a9z1q73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaishan Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108996080","display_name":"Boyu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7323-046X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101301","display_name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01a9z1q73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100410228","display_name":"Yiwei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4987-6882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101301","display_name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01a9z1q73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiwei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100775298","display_name":"Weijian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1896-3492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101301","display_name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01a9z1q73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072696463"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101301"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.5805,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92129367,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"508","last_page":"508"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9649999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7725839614868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5429794788360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5172646641731262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.42488405108451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.41414201259613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3678688406944275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22607585787773132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.17662015557289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1366634964942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11636656522750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.08961823582649231}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7725839614868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5429794788360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5172646641731262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.42488405108451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.41414201259613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3678688406944275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22607585787773132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.17662015557289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1366634964942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11636656522750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.08961823582649231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020508","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/508/pdf?version=1673947727","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:363c947d6da84f0196aa1e5371ca17b2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/363c947d6da84f0196aa1e5371ca17b2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 2, p 508 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/2/508/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15020508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 2; Pages: 508","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020508","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/508/pdf?version=1673947727","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4316467911.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W133904553","https://openalex.org/W219276664","https://openalex.org/W1985370128","https://openalex.org/W1987927366","https://openalex.org/W1993125199","https://openalex.org/W2000860635","https://openalex.org/W2004925383","https://openalex.org/W2006280268","https://openalex.org/W2012188213","https://openalex.org/W2037364101","https://openalex.org/W2050225888","https://openalex.org/W2056811372","https://openalex.org/W2083393481","https://openalex.org/W2088603520","https://openalex.org/W2100002260","https://openalex.org/W2106758309","https://openalex.org/W2118463259","https://openalex.org/W2165954860","https://openalex.org/W2171979590","https://openalex.org/W2362285247","https://openalex.org/W2363862621","https://openalex.org/W2367678195","https://openalex.org/W2408286848","https://openalex.org/W2756321087","https://openalex.org/W2766829849","https://openalex.org/W2795018073","https://openalex.org/W2795396883","https://openalex.org/W3022847689","https://openalex.org/W3037955913","https://openalex.org/W3096000025","https://openalex.org/W3164564441","https://openalex.org/W3167727510","https://openalex.org/W3215695326","https://openalex.org/W4225014884","https://openalex.org/W4241912535","https://openalex.org/W4383118094","https://openalex.org/W6653299835","https://openalex.org/W6675132598","https://openalex.org/W6804499491","https://openalex.org/W6854472882","https://openalex.org/W6986903302","https://openalex.org/W6996543413","https://openalex.org/W7027577496","https://openalex.org/W7030113777","https://openalex.org/W7034273342"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2025039112","https://openalex.org/W2740583973","https://openalex.org/W2729662532","https://openalex.org/W3153926312","https://openalex.org/W2169359701","https://openalex.org/W2116047388","https://openalex.org/W2022420161","https://openalex.org/W2037995797","https://openalex.org/W2169785257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,8,45,57,75,85,91,133,138,143,150,156,162,173,177,185,190,193,198,202,231],"remote":[2,11,25,178,232],"sensing":[3,12,26,179,233],"monitoring":[4,234],"of":[5,10,115,118,122,142,155,172,176,192,210,213,217,236],"conservation":[6,237],"tillage,":[7],"acquisition":[9],"data":[13,228],"with":[14,63,189],"high":[15,128],"spatial":[16,33,47,67],"and":[17,32,38,48,66,72,78,97,105,120,215],"temporal":[18,31,49,65],"resolution":[19,68],"is":[20],"critical.":[21],"The":[22,100,170,223],"current":[23],"optical":[24],"images":[27,180],"cannot":[28],"realize":[29],"both":[30,64],"resolution,":[34],"especially":[35],"under":[36],"cloud":[37],"rain":[39],"interference.":[40],"Thus,":[41],"this":[42],"study":[43,144,157],"employs":[44],"enhanced":[46],"adaptive":[50],"reflectance":[51],"fusion":[52,81],"model":[53],"(ESTARFM)":[54],"to":[55],"obtain":[56],"normalized":[58],"difference":[59],"tillage":[60],"index":[61],"(NDTI)":[62],"estimated":[69,160,182],"by":[70,103,183,201],"Sentinel\u22122":[71,106],"MODIS":[73],"using":[74,161],"Index\u2212then\u2212Blend":[76],"(IB)":[77],"Blend\u2212then\u2212Index":[79],"(BI)":[80],"schemes.":[82],"After":[83],"comparison,":[84],"IB":[86],"scheme":[87,93],"was":[88,111,124,159,181],"better":[89,220],"than":[90],"BI":[92],"in":[94,197],"predicting":[95],"results":[96],"prediction":[98,129,134,221],"efficiency.":[99],"NDTI":[101,141,188],"predicted":[102,139,186],"ESTARFM":[104,140,187],"on":[107,137,146],"June":[108],"12,":[109],"2020":[110],"compared.":[112],"A":[113],"coefficient":[114,209],"determination":[116,211],"R2":[117,212],"0.73":[119],"RMSE":[121,216],"0.000117":[123],"obtained,":[125],"indicating":[126],"a":[127,208],"accuracy,":[130],"which":[131,206],"meets":[132],"requirements.":[135],"Based":[136],"area":[145,158],"May":[147],"17,":[148],"2021,":[149],"maize":[151],"residue":[152],"cover":[153],"(MRC)":[154],"previously":[163],"constructed":[164],"MRC":[165,171,191],"unary":[166],"linear":[167],"regression":[168],"model.":[169],"sampling":[174,194],"points":[175,195],"verifying":[184],"taken":[196],"field":[199],"extracted":[200],"maximum":[203],"likelihood":[204],"classifier,":[205],"has":[207],"0.78":[214],"0.00676,":[218],"signifying":[219],"results.":[222],"proposed":[224],"method":[225],"provides":[226],"considerable":[227],"sources":[229],"for":[230],"studies":[235],"tillage.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-28T23:10:05.387466","created_date":"2023-01-16T00:00:00"}
