{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4315865142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020482","title":"Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Soil Erosion Modelling Based on Remotely Sensed Data","display_name":"Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Soil Erosion Modelling Based on Remotely Sensed Data","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4315865142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020482"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020482","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020482","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/482/pdf?version=1673605117","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/482/pdf?version=1673605117","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101864414","display_name":"D. Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6896-1006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153238","display_name":"Icelandic Heart Association","ror":"https://ror.org/051snsd81","country_code":"IS","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153238"]}],"countries":["IS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Fern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fl\u00e9ttan, K\u00f3pavogsbraut 85, 200 K\u00f3pavogur, Iceland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fl\u00e9ttan, K\u00f3pavogsbraut 85, 200 K\u00f3pavogur, Iceland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081157139","display_name":"Eromanga Adermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9835-9000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153238","display_name":"Icelandic Heart Association","ror":"https://ror.org/051snsd81","country_code":"IS","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153238"]}],"countries":["IS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eromanga Adermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fl\u00e9ttan, K\u00f3pavogsbraut 85, 200 K\u00f3pavogur, Iceland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fl\u00e9ttan, K\u00f3pavogsbraut 85, 200 K\u00f3pavogur, Iceland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088609350","display_name":"Marco Pizzolato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2455-4596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153238","display_name":"Icelandic Heart Association","ror":"https://ror.org/051snsd81","country_code":"IS","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153238"]}],"countries":["IS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Pizzolato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fl\u00e9ttan, K\u00f3pavogsbraut 85, 200 K\u00f3pavogur, Iceland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fl\u00e9ttan, K\u00f3pavogsbraut 85, 200 K\u00f3pavogur, Iceland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079824619","display_name":"Roman Pechenkin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153238","display_name":"Icelandic Heart Association","ror":"https://ror.org/051snsd81","country_code":"IS","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153238"]}],"countries":["IS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roman Pechenkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fl\u00e9ttan, K\u00f3pavogsbraut 85, 200 K\u00f3pavogur, Iceland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fl\u00e9ttan, K\u00f3pavogsbraut 85, 200 K\u00f3pavogur, Iceland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024519081","display_name":"Christina G. Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153238","display_name":"Icelandic Heart Association","ror":"https://ror.org/051snsd81","country_code":"IS","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153238"]}],"countries":["IS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christina G. Rodr\u00edguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fl\u00e9ttan, K\u00f3pavogsbraut 85, 200 K\u00f3pavogur, Iceland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fl\u00e9ttan, K\u00f3pavogsbraut 85, 200 K\u00f3pavogur, Iceland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040638392","display_name":"Alireza Taravat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2568-4026"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Taravat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deimos Space UK Ltd., AirSpeed 1, 151 Eighth St., Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QR, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deimos Space UK Ltd., AirSpeed 1, 151 Eighth St., Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QR, UK","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040638392"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.5756,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9464337,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"482","last_page":"482"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10889","display_name":"Soil erosion and sediment transport","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10889","display_name":"Soil erosion and sediment transport","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.6280713081359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.558044970035553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5497003197669983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.531649649143219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erosion","display_name":"Erosion","score":0.5156358480453491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5049145817756653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45780181884765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic","display_name":"Arctic","score":0.44071677327156067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/storm","display_name":"Storm","score":0.4371161460876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.368648499250412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3412910997867584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.303276002407074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.13888108730316162}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.6280713081359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.558044970035553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5497003197669983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.531649649143219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123157820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80026","display_name":"Erosion","level":2,"score":0.5156358480453491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5049145817756653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45780181884765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.44071677327156067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105306849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81054","display_name":"Storm","level":2,"score":0.4371161460876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.368648499250412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3412910997867584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.303276002407074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13888108730316162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020482","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020482","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/482/pdf?version=1673605117","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fde8dd649dfa42b88dd87e461741029c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fde8dd649dfa42b88dd87e461741029c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 2, p 482 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/2/482/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15020482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 2; Pages: 482","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020482","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020482","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/482/pdf?version=1673605117","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4196908324","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2215789-0611","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321020","funder_display_name":"Icelandic Centre for Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321020","display_name":"Icelandic Centre for Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03srneg48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4315865142.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1928515224","https://openalex.org/W1956280464","https://openalex.org/W2019814832","https://openalex.org/W2027987768","https://openalex.org/W2049781582","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2054474054","https://openalex.org/W2064438038","https://openalex.org/W2073289828","https://openalex.org/W2077189140","https://openalex.org/W2088211889","https://openalex.org/W2088298093","https://openalex.org/W2090164058","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2105242998","https://openalex.org/W2112508375","https://openalex.org/W2118436571","https://openalex.org/W2121657551","https://openalex.org/W2162061777","https://openalex.org/W2261059368","https://openalex.org/W2273708466","https://openalex.org/W2337001220","https://openalex.org/W2486683043","https://openalex.org/W2538607084","https://openalex.org/W2559556247","https://openalex.org/W2597944323","https://openalex.org/W2610967268","https://openalex.org/W2763734094","https://openalex.org/W2778840128","https://openalex.org/W2800163541","https://openalex.org/W2883026662","https://openalex.org/W2884571987","https://openalex.org/W2892939109","https://openalex.org/W2899037998","https://openalex.org/W2943484762","https://openalex.org/W2998768810","https://openalex.org/W3040593397","https://openalex.org/W3043213779","https://openalex.org/W4210352729","https://openalex.org/W4289204792","https://openalex.org/W4398549858","https://openalex.org/W6640037173","https://openalex.org/W6658350037","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6704819528","https://openalex.org/W6723358274","https://openalex.org/W6753602705"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3193043704","https://openalex.org/W4386259002","https://openalex.org/W1546989560","https://openalex.org/W3171520305","https://openalex.org/W3135126032","https://openalex.org/W1924178503","https://openalex.org/W4295532600","https://openalex.org/W4308716060","https://openalex.org/W2063823869","https://openalex.org/W2111536168"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"years":[1],"have":[2],"seen":[3],"an":[4],"increase":[5],"in":[6,127],"the":[7,20,44,64,68,84,88,171],"use":[8],"of":[9,22,70,78,87,110,173],"remote-sensing":[10,71],"based":[11],"methods":[12,72],"to":[13,19,43,54,57,83,150],"assess":[14],"soil":[15,152,178],"erosion,":[16,179],"mainly":[17],"due":[18,56],"availability":[21],"freely":[23],"accessible":[24,59,158],"satellite":[25],"data,":[26],"with":[27,74,129],"successful":[28],"results":[29],"on":[30,166],"a":[31,107],"consistent":[32],"basis.":[33],"There":[34],"would":[35],"be":[36,148],"valuable":[37],"benefits":[38],"from":[39,133,160],"applying":[40],"these":[41],"techniques":[42],"Arctic":[45],"areas,":[46],"where":[47],"ground":[48,130],"local":[49],"studies":[50],"are":[51,182],"typically":[52],"difficult":[53],"perform":[55,106],"hardly":[58],"roads":[60],"and":[61,96,99,123],"lands.":[62],"At":[63],"same":[65],"time,":[66],"however,":[67],"application":[69],"comes":[73,82],"its":[75],"own":[76],"set":[77],"challenges":[79],"when":[80],"it":[81],"peculiar":[85],"features":[86],"Arctic:":[89],"short":[90],"growing":[91],"periods,":[92],"winter":[93],"storms,":[94],"wind,":[95],"frequent":[97],"cloud":[98],"snow":[100],"cover.":[101],"In":[102],"this":[103],"study":[104],"we":[105],"comparative":[108],"analysis":[109,164],"three":[111],"commonly":[112],"used":[113],"classification":[114],"algorithms:":[115],"Support":[116],"Vector":[117],"Machine":[118],"(SVM),":[119],"Random":[120],"Forest":[121],"(RF)":[122],"Multilayer":[124],"Perceptron":[125],"(MLP),":[126],"combination":[128],"truth":[131],"samples":[132],"regions":[134],"all":[135],"over":[136],"Iceland,":[137],"provided":[138],"by":[139],"Iceland\u2019s":[140],"Soil":[141],"Conservation":[142],"Service":[143],"department.":[144],"The":[145,163],"process":[146],"can":[147],"automated":[149],"predict":[151],"erosion":[153],"risk":[154],"for":[155,176],"larger,":[156],"less":[157],"areas":[159],"Sentinel-2":[161],"images.":[162],"performed":[165],"validation":[167],"data":[168],"sets":[169],"supports":[170],"effectiveness":[172],"both":[174],"approaches":[175],"modeling":[177],"albeit":[180],"differences":[181],"highlighted.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2023-01-13T00:00:00"}