{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313827912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020378","title":"Estimations of the Ground-Level NO2 Concentrations Based on the Sentinel-5P NO2 Tropospheric Column Number Density Product","display_name":"Estimations of the Ground-Level NO2 Concentrations Based on the Sentinel-5P NO2 Tropospheric Column Number Density Product","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313827912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020378","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020378","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/378/pdf?version=1673583007","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/378/pdf?version=1673583007","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044215202","display_name":"Patryk Grzybowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2950-1592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135200","display_name":"Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04rc9d057","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135200","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","display_name":"University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Patryk Tadeusz Grzybowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613","https://openalex.org/I4210135200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027832347","display_name":"Krzysztof M. Markowicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135200","display_name":"Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04rc9d057","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135200","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","display_name":"University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof Miros\u0142aw Markowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613","https://openalex.org/I4210135200"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064270421","display_name":"Jan Musia\u0142","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0034-7827"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Pawe\u0142 Musia\u0142","raw_affiliation_strings":["CloudFerro Sp. z o.o., 00-511 Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CloudFerro Sp. z o.o., 00-511 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044215202"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135200","https://openalex.org/I4654613"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.1295,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94529564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"378","last_page":"378"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6940074563026428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troposphere","display_name":"Troposphere","score":0.5647416114807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planetary-boundary-layer","display_name":"Planetary boundary layer","score":0.5324407815933228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.4960525929927826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4245086908340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.32070642709732056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2635325789451599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10384535789489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09991365671157837}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6940074563026428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9075549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40631","display_name":"Troposphere","level":2,"score":0.5647416114807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86338904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757268","display_name":"Planetary boundary layer","level":3,"score":0.5324407815933228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.4960525929927826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4245086908340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.32070642709732056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2635325789451599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10384535789489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09991365671157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020378","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020378","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/378/pdf?version=1673583007","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1d025d182bc74c3d8142a3446cd403e5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1d025d182bc74c3d8142a3446cd403e5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 2, p 378 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/2/378/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15020378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 2; Pages: 378","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020378","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020378","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/378/pdf?version=1673583007","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2372226425","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017/27/B/ST10/00549","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322511","funder_display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3514550006","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Centre","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322511","display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha2q922"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331771","display_name":"European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts","ror":"https://ror.org/014w0fd65"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334701","display_name":"Joint Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04j5wtv36"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313827912.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W222543348","https://openalex.org/W273955616","https://openalex.org/W1500371118","https://openalex.org/W1965729665","https://openalex.org/W1966243482","https://openalex.org/W1971993976","https://openalex.org/W1977915097","https://openalex.org/W1979723024","https://openalex.org/W1980541690","https://openalex.org/W1992739954","https://openalex.org/W1995341919","https://openalex.org/W2006948773","https://openalex.org/W2010150056","https://openalex.org/W2027404493","https://openalex.org/W2054735110","https://openalex.org/W2062577170","https://openalex.org/W2066782408","https://openalex.org/W2079261198","https://openalex.org/W2091977542","https://openalex.org/W2105730249","https://openalex.org/W2116578220","https://openalex.org/W2122129901","https://openalex.org/W2129437219","https://openalex.org/W2153559972","https://openalex.org/W2155261478","https://openalex.org/W2165242333","https://openalex.org/W2166148764","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2318502288","https://openalex.org/W2471088785","https://openalex.org/W2507078409","https://openalex.org/W2538403209","https://openalex.org/W2591436041","https://openalex.org/W2649137640","https://openalex.org/W2725897987","https://openalex.org/W2755897961","https://openalex.org/W2768348081","https://openalex.org/W2768404595","https://openalex.org/W2774698122","https://openalex.org/W2791146049","https://openalex.org/W2884225321","https://openalex.org/W2885047023","https://openalex.org/W2890010583","https://openalex.org/W2891910989","https://openalex.org/W2899437249","https://openalex.org/W2908418060","https://openalex.org/W2945628467","https://openalex.org/W2969480139","https://openalex.org/W2972133199","https://openalex.org/W3021980696","https://openalex.org/W3033069661","https://openalex.org/W3034017249","https://openalex.org/W3035712837","https://openalex.org/W3038108672","https://openalex.org/W3041589827","https://openalex.org/W3080553003","https://openalex.org/W3095473081","https://openalex.org/W3130550111","https://openalex.org/W3135484287","https://openalex.org/W3157129594","https://openalex.org/W3161679347","https://openalex.org/W3182250664","https://openalex.org/W3186934638","https://openalex.org/W3198844278","https://openalex.org/W3201103621","https://openalex.org/W4225519438","https://openalex.org/W4241984774","https://openalex.org/W4296432369","https://openalex.org/W6610017368","https://openalex.org/W6640462745","https://openalex.org/W6699590210"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2348334746","https://openalex.org/W2025920396","https://openalex.org/W2143738227","https://openalex.org/W1992332293","https://openalex.org/W4221127575","https://openalex.org/W2031573751","https://openalex.org/W2081132944","https://openalex.org/W2149357482","https://openalex.org/W1968140275","https://openalex.org/W2150850849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,31,48,75,93,176],"main":[1],"objective":[2,33],"of":[3,12,34,100,156],"the":[4,10,13,53,79,84,90,109,119,134,142,147,157,163,180,187,193],"presented":[5],"study":[6],"was":[7,37,83,116,139,146],"to":[8,24,38,70,133,186],"verify":[9],"potential":[11],"Sentinel-5":[14],"Precursor":[15],"(S-5P)":[16],"Tropospheric":[17],"NO2":[18,54,73,144,190],"Column":[19],"Number":[20],"Density":[21],"(NO2":[22],"TVCD)":[23],"support":[25],"air":[26,43],"pollution":[27,44],"monitoring":[28],"in":[29,68],"Poland.":[30],"secondary":[32],"this":[35],"project":[36],"establish":[39],"a":[40],"relationship":[41],"between":[42],"and":[45,57,104,111,171],"meteorological":[46],"conditions.":[47,136],"ERA-5":[49],"data":[50,59],"together":[51],"with":[52,179],"TVCD":[55,145],"product":[56],"auxiliary":[58],"were":[60,162,183],"further":[61],"assimilated":[62],"into":[63],"an":[64],"artificial":[65],"intelligence":[66],"model":[67,96,121,182],"order":[69],"estimate":[71],"surface":[72,91,189],"concentrations.":[74],"results":[76],"revealed":[77],"that":[78,118,141],"random":[80,94],"forest":[81,95],"method":[82,87],"most":[85,148],"accurate":[86],"for":[88,108,125],"estimating":[89],"NO2.":[92],"demonstrated":[97],"MAE":[98],"values":[99],"3.4":[101],"\u03bcg/m3":[102,106],"(MAPE~37%)":[103],"3.2":[105],"(MAPE~31%)":[107],"hourly":[110],"weekly":[112],"estimates,":[113],"respectively.":[114],"It":[115],"observed":[117],"proposed":[120,181],"could":[122],"be":[123],"used":[124],"at":[126],"least":[127],"120":[128],"days":[129],"per":[130],"year":[131],"due":[132],"cloud-free":[135],"Further,":[137],"it":[138],"found":[140],"S-5P":[143],"important":[149,160],"variable,":[150],"which":[151],"explained":[152],"more":[153],"than":[154,192],"50%":[155],"predictions.":[158],"Other":[159],"variables":[161],"nightlights,":[164],"solar":[165],"radiation":[166],"flux,":[167],"road":[168],"density,":[169],"population,":[170],"planetary":[172],"boundary":[173],"layer":[174],"height.":[175],"predictions":[177],"obtained":[178],"better":[184,199],"fitted":[185],"actual":[188],"concentrations":[191],"CAMS":[194],"median":[195],"ensemble":[196],"estimations":[197],"(~15%":[198],"accuracy).":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2023-01-09T00:00:00"}
