{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313827632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020360","title":"Remote Sensing Monitoring of Pine Wilt Disease Based on Time-Series Remote Sensing Index","display_name":"Remote Sensing Monitoring of Pine Wilt Disease Based on Time-Series Remote Sensing Index","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313827632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020360"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020360","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/360/pdf?version=1673580924","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/360/pdf?version=1673580924","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108103575","display_name":"Lin Long","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Forestry, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Forestry, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437882","display_name":"Yuanyuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9873-7902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Forestry, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Forestry, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102224296","display_name":"Song Shaojun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaojun Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Foreign Languages, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Foreign Languages, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053557314","display_name":"Xiaoli Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-1557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoli Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Forestry, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Forestry, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067928862","display_name":"Xiang Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2112-1031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Forestry, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Forestry, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005203819","display_name":"Yagang Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4704-5818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134523","display_name":"State Forestry and Grassland Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03f2n3n81","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134523"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yagang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Institute of Investigation and Planning, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Hangzhou 310019, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Institute of Investigation and Planning, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Hangzhou 310019, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134523"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100682324","display_name":"Gao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-0507"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lu\u2019an Forestry Bureau of Anhui Province, Lu\u2019an 237000, China","Lu'an Forestry Bureau of Anhui Province, Lu'an 237000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lu\u2019an Forestry Bureau of Anhui Province, Lu\u2019an 237000, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lu'an Forestry Bureau of Anhui Province, Lu'an 237000, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053557314"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":5.415,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96526843,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"360","last_page":"360"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11691","display_name":"Forest Insect Ecology and Management","score":0.9793999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6695023775100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6204462051391602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5494692325592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.5143483877182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wilt-disease","display_name":"Wilt disease","score":0.45596593618392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disturbance","display_name":"Disturbance (geology)","score":0.4435039162635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bursaphelenchus-xylophilus","display_name":"Bursaphelenchus xylophilus","score":0.42253419756889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.3851926326751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.3576968014240265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.34802666306495667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.27223557233810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.20407643914222717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.10919263958930969}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6695023775100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6204462051391602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5494692325592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.5143483877182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776678335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3281368","display_name":"Wilt disease","level":2,"score":0.45596593618392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283581","display_name":"Disturbance (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4435039162635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779442720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197786","display_name":"Bursaphelenchus xylophilus","level":3,"score":0.42253419756889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.3851926326751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.3576968014240265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.34802666306495667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.27223557233810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.20407643914222717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10919263958930969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778830712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5185","display_name":"Nematode","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020360","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/360/pdf?version=1673580924","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:72a1673abd9041d3937493b916fb34fc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/72a1673abd9041d3937493b916fb34fc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 2, p 360 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/2/360/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15020360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 2; Pages: 360","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020360","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/360/pdf?version=1673580924","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5056440611","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31870534","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6408967498","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"59257","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313827632.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39134251","https://openalex.org/W112201781","https://openalex.org/W1518917059","https://openalex.org/W1845791788","https://openalex.org/W1941885189","https://openalex.org/W1964217023","https://openalex.org/W1966379566","https://openalex.org/W1988195734","https://openalex.org/W1994508789","https://openalex.org/W1994777323","https://openalex.org/W2044740371","https://openalex.org/W2063623478","https://openalex.org/W2079594423","https://openalex.org/W2084555690","https://openalex.org/W2130274225","https://openalex.org/W2153989276","https://openalex.org/W2372287584","https://openalex.org/W2386576518","https://openalex.org/W2412718816","https://openalex.org/W2515306179","https://openalex.org/W2528941488","https://openalex.org/W2898242330","https://openalex.org/W2898905764","https://openalex.org/W2988471827","https://openalex.org/W4200465356","https://openalex.org/W4224322762","https://openalex.org/W6604581631","https://openalex.org/W6769980593"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386576518","https://openalex.org/W3126378123","https://openalex.org/W2362166367","https://openalex.org/W4376116439","https://openalex.org/W2384004801","https://openalex.org/W2388200268","https://openalex.org/W2488848025","https://openalex.org/W294855137","https://openalex.org/W2065520220","https://openalex.org/W2036538963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Under":[0,213],"the":[1,10,18,35,46,92,110,146,154,164,169,178,190,203,209,214,219,233,238],"strong":[2],"influence":[3],"of":[4,14,34,83,145,172,177,205,211,216,221,289],"climate":[5],"change":[6],"and":[7,12,48,68,81,104,133,189,197,229,235,240,248,273,287],"human":[8],"activities,":[9],"frequency":[11],"intensity":[13],"disturbance":[15],"events":[16],"in":[17,40,223,277],"forest":[19,47,131,137,166,185,271],"ecosystem":[20],"both":[21],"show":[22,152,244],"significant":[23],"increasing":[24],"trends.":[25],"Pine":[26],"wood":[27],"nematode":[28],"(Bursapherenchus":[29],"xylophilus,":[30],"PWN)":[31],"is":[32,73,193,282],"one":[33],"major":[36],"alien":[37],"invasive":[38],"species":[39],"China,":[41],"which":[42,207,281],"has":[43,55,226,230],"rapidly":[44],"infected":[45],"spread.":[49],"In":[50],"recent":[51],"years,":[52],"its":[53],"tendency":[54],"been":[56],"to":[57,61,66,75,116,128,140,202,237],"spread":[58],"from":[59,232],"south":[60,236],"north,":[62],"causing":[63],"serious":[64],"losses":[65],"Pinus":[67],"non-Pinus":[69],"coniferous":[70,130,165,270],"forests.":[71],"It":[72],"urgent":[74],"carry":[76],"out":[77],"remote":[78,101,262],"sensing":[79,102,263],"monitoring":[80,143,180,247,286],"prediction":[82,249],"pine":[84],"wilt":[85],"disease":[86,275],"(PWD).":[87],"Taking":[88],"Anhui":[89,224],"Province":[90,225],"as":[91],"study":[93],"area,":[94],"we":[95],"applied":[96],"ground":[97],"survey,":[98],"satellite-borne":[99],"optical":[100],"imagery":[103],"environmental":[105],"factor":[106],"statistics,":[107],"relying":[108],"on":[109,124,183],"Google":[111],"Earth":[112],"Engine":[113],"(GEE)":[114],"platform":[115],"build":[117,141],"a":[118,135,142,251,278],"new":[119],"vegetation":[120],"index":[121,266],"NDFI":[122,156,265],"based":[123,182],"time-series":[125,260],"Landsat":[126],"images":[127],"extract":[129,163,269],"information":[132,272,276],"used":[134],"random":[136,184],"classification":[138,159,186],"algorithm":[139],"model":[144,181],"PWD":[147,179,222,246],"infection":[148],"stage.":[149],"The":[150,174],"results":[151,243],"that":[153,245],"proposed":[155],"differentiation":[157],"threshold":[158],"method":[160],"can":[161,254,267],"accurately":[162,268],"range,":[167],"with":[168],"overall":[170,175],"accuracy":[171,176],"87.75%.":[173],"reaches":[187],"81.67%,":[188],"kappa":[191],"coefficient":[192],"0.622.":[194],"High":[195],"temperature":[196],"low":[198],"humidity":[199],"are":[200],"conducive":[201],"survival":[204],"PWN,":[206],"aggravates":[208],"occurrence":[210],"PWD.":[212,290],"background":[215],"global":[217],"warming,":[218],"degree":[220],"gradually":[227],"increased,":[228],"transferred":[231],"southwest":[234],"middle":[239],"northeast.":[241],"Our":[242],"at":[250],"regional":[252],"scale":[253],"be":[255],"realized":[256],"by":[257],"using":[258],"long":[259],"multi-source":[261],"data,":[264],"grasp":[274],"timely":[279],"manner,":[280],"crucial":[283],"for":[284],"effective":[285],"control":[288]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2023-01-09T00:00:00"}
