{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313827916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020350","title":"A Spatial Cross-Scale Attention Network and Global Average Accuracy Loss for SAR Ship Detection","display_name":"A Spatial Cross-Scale Attention Network and Global Average Accuracy Loss for SAR Ship Detection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313827916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020350"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020350","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/350/pdf?version=1673003619","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/350/pdf?version=1673003619","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057632931","display_name":"Lili Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9287-3612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125904092","display_name":"Shenyang Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/02423gm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lili Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronical and Information Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronical and Information Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103000656","display_name":"Yuxuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7849-6444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125904092","display_name":"Shenyang Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/02423gm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuxuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronical and Information Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronical and Information Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008224828","display_name":"Lele Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2794-8892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125904092","display_name":"Shenyang Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/02423gm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lele Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronical and Information Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronical and Information Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091163395","display_name":"Jiannan Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6110-5293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125904092","display_name":"Shenyang Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/02423gm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiannan Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronical and Information Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronical and Information Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025720307","display_name":"Junpeng Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junpeng Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103000656"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.4671,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8377079,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"350","last_page":"350"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7894837856292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.595799446105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5287206768989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.49127739667892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4643917679786682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.43867552280426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.43082165718078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.42773890495300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33006978034973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.273357093334198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14013326168060303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07475784420967102}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7894837856292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.595799446105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5287206768989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.49127739667892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4643917679786682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.43867552280426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.43082165718078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.42773890495300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33006978034973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.273357093334198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14013326168060303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07475784420967102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020350","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/350/pdf?version=1673003619","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6ab0976e2ea6429997fc6664dca3b89a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6ab0976e2ea6429997fc6664dca3b89a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 2, p 350 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/2/350/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15020350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 2; Pages: 350","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020350","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/350/pdf?version=1673003619","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313827916.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W2090991102","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2551083396","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2770644646","https://openalex.org/W2774244034","https://openalex.org/W2904480641","https://openalex.org/W2928007866","https://openalex.org/W2961699889","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2969875432","https://openalex.org/W2973687886","https://openalex.org/W2982770724","https://openalex.org/W2998017713","https://openalex.org/W3038948729","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3114992566","https://openalex.org/W3129498926","https://openalex.org/W3134517928","https://openalex.org/W3135487395","https://openalex.org/W3149022835","https://openalex.org/W3166561508","https://openalex.org/W3172752666","https://openalex.org/W3180954604","https://openalex.org/W3184737818","https://openalex.org/W3200733355","https://openalex.org/W4200434711","https://openalex.org/W4224311723","https://openalex.org/W4225159516","https://openalex.org/W4226089519","https://openalex.org/W4229373083","https://openalex.org/W4292454830","https://openalex.org/W4292553542","https://openalex.org/W4307190413","https://openalex.org/W6790967602"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1891287906","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W1969923398","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2577364290","https://openalex.org/W2147246507","https://openalex.org/W2991860602","https://openalex.org/W1559208858","https://openalex.org/W1976708684"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"neural":[1],"network-based":[2],"object":[3],"detection":[4,53,73,237,241],"algorithm":[5],"has":[6,17],"the":[7,29,35,42,57,87,96,103,108,116,119,139,142,155,164,171,196,199,223,229,235,240,248],"advantages":[8],"of":[9,32,38,45,89,118,198,231],"high":[10],"accuracy":[11],"and":[12,15,41,114,130,153,177,184,187,194,212,243],"end-to-end":[13],"processing,":[14],"it":[16,49,204],"been":[18],"widely":[19],"used":[20],"in":[21,60,112],"synthetic":[22],"aperture":[23],"radar":[24],"(SAR)":[25],"ship":[26,33,72,236],"detection.":[27],"However,":[28],"multi-scale":[30],"variation":[31],"targets,":[34],"complex":[36,132],"background":[37,232],"near-shore":[39],"scenes,":[40],"dense":[43],"arrangement":[44],"some":[46],"ships":[47],"make":[48],"difficult":[50],"to":[51,105,125,162,173,247],"improve":[52,239],"accuracy.":[54,190],"To":[55],"solve":[56,163],"above":[58],"problem,":[59],"this":[61,136],"paper,":[62],"a":[63,78],"spatial":[64,80],"cross-scale":[65,81],"attention":[66,82,111],"network":[67,109,122,172],"(SCSA-Net)":[68],"for":[69,85,141],"SAR":[70,206,214],"image":[71],"is":[74],"proposed,":[75],"which":[76],"includes":[77],"novel":[79],"(SCSA)":[83],"module":[84,94],"eliminating":[86],"interference":[88,127,230],"land":[90,131],"background.":[91],"The":[92,218],"SCSA":[93],"uses":[95],"features":[97,117],"at":[98],"each":[99],"scale":[100],"output":[101,124],"from":[102,128],"backbone":[104],"calculate":[106],"where":[107],"needs":[110],"space":[113],"enhances":[115],"feature":[120],"pyramid":[121],"(FPN)":[123],"eliminate":[126],"noise,":[129],"backgrounds.":[133],"In":[134],"addition,":[135],"paper":[137],"analyzes":[138],"reasons":[140],"\u201cscore":[143,165],"shift\u201d":[144,166],"problem":[145],"caused":[146],"by":[147,202],"average":[148,157],"precision":[149,158],"loss":[150,159,169,183],"(AP":[151],"loss)":[152,161],"proposes":[154],"global":[156],"(GAP":[160],"problem.":[167],"GAP":[168],"enables":[170],"distinguish":[174],"positive":[175],"samples":[176,179],"negative":[178],"faster":[180],"than":[181],"focal":[182],"AP":[185],"loss,":[186],"achieve":[188,244],"higher":[189],"Finally,":[191],"we":[192],"validate":[193],"illustrate":[195],"effectiveness":[197],"proposed":[200,224],"method":[201,225],"performing":[203],"on":[205,234],"Ship":[207],"Detection":[208],"Dataset":[209,216],"(SSDD),":[210],"SAR-ship-dataset,":[211],"High-Resolution":[213],"Images":[215],"(HRSID).":[217],"experimental":[219],"results":[220,246],"show":[221],"that":[222],"can":[226],"significantly":[227],"reduce":[228],"noise":[233],"results,":[238],"accuracy,":[242],"superior":[245],"existing":[249],"methods.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2023-01-09T00:00:00"}