{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313259788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010111","title":"Driver of the Positive Ionospheric Storm over the South American Sector during 4 November 2021 Geomagnetic Storm","display_name":"Driver of the Positive Ionospheric Storm over the South American Sector during 4 November 2021 Geomagnetic Storm","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313259788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010111"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15010111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010111","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/111/pdf?version=1671962105","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/111/pdf?version=1671962105","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016042156","display_name":"Changzhi Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0183-2063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121296143","display_name":"Hunan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9vrb24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changzhi Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China","School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022640035","display_name":"Shenquan Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3017770710","display_name":"China North Industries Group Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cwdhv97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3017770710"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shenquan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Information Control Research Academy Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211153, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Information Control Research Academy Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211153, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3017770710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101526978","display_name":"Wenjie Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9202-8662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenjie Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086197657","display_name":"Xiaoyun Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyun Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047850314","display_name":"Dunyong Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0715-426X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121296143","display_name":"Hunan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9vrb24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dunyong Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101526978"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.7846,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9045045,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"111","last_page":"111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.7566133737564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomagnetic-storm","display_name":"Geomagnetic storm","score":0.5875925421714783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tec","display_name":"TEC","score":0.5814005732536316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.569068431854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosonde","display_name":"Ionosonde","score":0.5526154041290283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/storm","display_name":"Storm","score":0.5229616761207581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-electron-content","display_name":"Total electron content","score":0.4863467812538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.4765653908252716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earths-magnetic-field","display_name":"Earth's magnetic field","score":0.45948466658592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.31698673963546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-density","display_name":"Electron density","score":0.21980345249176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14786332845687866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.13180950284004211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron","display_name":"Electron","score":0.11565905809402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.10271909832954407}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.7566133737564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170641098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130011","display_name":"Geomagnetic storm","level":4,"score":0.5875925421714783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176379880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031939","display_name":"TEC","level":3,"score":0.5814005732536316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.569068431854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184850221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3801433","display_name":"Ionosonde","level":4,"score":0.5526154041290283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105306849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81054","display_name":"Storm","level":2,"score":0.5229616761207581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165391973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844304","display_name":"Total electron content","level":4,"score":0.4863467812538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.4765653908252716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199635899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6500960","display_name":"Earth's magnetic field","level":3,"score":0.45948466658592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.31698673963546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125485243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905186","display_name":"Electron density","level":3,"score":0.21980345249176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14786332845687866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.13180950284004211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.11565905809402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.10271909832954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15010111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010111","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/111/pdf?version=1671962105","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e954f0d6d8384fe5be715f2e3f41444d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e954f0d6d8384fe5be715f2e3f41444d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 1, p 111 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/1/111/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 1; Pages: 111","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15010111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010111","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/111/pdf?version=1671962105","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1506490245","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"E22135","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3655795716","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"E22135","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3981529148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"04009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5043412570","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42104009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7658361094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B210201028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7964833862","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42104009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8956762018","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B210201028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322191","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326692","display_name":"Hunan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9vrb24"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313259788.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313259788.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501956392","https://openalex.org/W1592551884","https://openalex.org/W1627100304","https://openalex.org/W1841295803","https://openalex.org/W1948649997","https://openalex.org/W1969296081","https://openalex.org/W1975715418","https://openalex.org/W1981868650","https://openalex.org/W1986811799","https://openalex.org/W2012275826","https://openalex.org/W2018285012","https://openalex.org/W2027961449","https://openalex.org/W2033531844","https://openalex.org/W2034634586","https://openalex.org/W2035210893","https://openalex.org/W2039855306","https://openalex.org/W2044963167","https://openalex.org/W2050390051","https://openalex.org/W2075246113","https://openalex.org/W2078308407","https://openalex.org/W2109076275","https://openalex.org/W2127549276","https://openalex.org/W2139172392","https://openalex.org/W2155348031","https://openalex.org/W2212609344","https://openalex.org/W2277575770","https://openalex.org/W2313025109","https://openalex.org/W2395409059","https://openalex.org/W2533424223","https://openalex.org/W2597568074","https://openalex.org/W2737721354","https://openalex.org/W2775164697","https://openalex.org/W2789644036","https://openalex.org/W2938080996","https://openalex.org/W2955290654","https://openalex.org/W3116319369","https://openalex.org/W3171060906","https://openalex.org/W3210754922","https://openalex.org/W4210491599","https://openalex.org/W4280598474","https://openalex.org/W4285494488","https://openalex.org/W6660389328"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1248628229","https://openalex.org/W4391986911","https://openalex.org/W2142371028","https://openalex.org/W2539046041","https://openalex.org/W3012062545","https://openalex.org/W4390484789","https://openalex.org/W2050546935","https://openalex.org/W2016143558","https://openalex.org/W2288501533","https://openalex.org/W2003997947"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"geomagnetic":[1,39],"storms,":[2],"ionospheric":[3,27,238],"storms":[4],"can":[5],"be":[6],"driven":[7],"by":[8,108,167,218],"several":[9],"mechanisms.":[10],"Observations":[11,111],"performed":[12],"using":[13],"ground-":[14],"and":[15,51,68,76,94,115,125,137,198,240],"space-based":[16],"instruments":[17],"were":[18,72],"used":[19],"to":[20,48,57,207],"reveal":[21],"the":[22,25,30,35,53,95,100,109,113,149,155,161,178,183,191,200,208,213,230,236,242],"driver":[23],"of":[24,62,112,182],"positive":[26,42,237],"storm":[28,43,239],"over":[29,91],"South":[31,92],"American":[32],"sector":[33],"during":[34],"4":[36],"November":[37],"2021":[38],"storm.":[40],"The":[41,59],"appeared":[44],"from":[45,55],"10:30":[46],"UT":[47,50],"18:00":[49],"covered":[52],"region":[54],"40\u00b0S":[56],"20\u00b0N.":[58],"maximum":[60],"magnitudes":[61],"TEC":[63,70],"(Total":[64],"Electron":[65],"Content)":[66],"enhancement":[67,71,105,153],"relative":[69],"about":[73,102],"20":[74],"TECU":[75],"100%,":[77],"respectively.":[78],"Defense":[79],"Meteorological":[80],"Satellite":[81],"Program":[82],"(DMSP)":[83],"also":[84,165,248],"observed":[85,107,166],"a":[86,138],"significant":[87],"electron":[88,142],"density":[89,143],"increase":[90,145],"America":[93],"eastern":[96],"Pacific":[97],"Ocean.":[98],"In":[99],"meantime,":[101],"50%":[103],"\u2211O/N2":[104],"was":[106,164,195,204,216],"Global-scale":[110],"Limb":[114],"Disk":[116],"(GOLD)":[117],"satellite":[118,187],"at":[119],"low":[120],"latitudes.":[121],"Ionosonde":[122],"observations":[123],"(AS00Q":[124],"CAJ2M)":[126],"registered":[127],"an":[128,219],"~80":[129],"km":[130],"uplift":[131,215],"in":[132,154,160],"F2":[133,140],"peak":[134,141],"height":[135],"(HmF2)":[136],"prominent":[139,152],"(NmF2)":[144],"~3":[146],"h":[147],"after":[148],"uplift.":[150,180],"A":[151],"cross-polar":[156],"cap":[157],"potential":[158],"(CPCP)":[159],"southern":[162],"hemisphere":[163],"Super":[168],"Dual":[169],"Auroral":[170],"Radar":[171],"Network":[172],"(SuperDARN)":[173],"one":[174],"hour":[175],"earlier":[176],"than":[177,223],"HmF2":[179,214],"Measurements":[181],"Ionospheric":[184],"Connection":[185],"Explorer":[186],"(ICON)":[188],"showed":[189],"that":[190,199,229,241],"outward":[192],"E\u00d7B":[193],"drift":[194,203,211],"enhanced":[196,231],"significantly":[197],"horizontal":[201],"ion":[202,210],"poleward.":[205],"According":[206],"ICON":[209],"observations,":[212],"caused":[217],"electric":[220,233],"field":[221,234],"rather":[222],"equatorward":[224],"neutral":[225],"wind.":[226],"We":[227],"propose":[228],"eastward":[232],"dominated":[235],"thermospheric":[243],"composition":[244],"variation":[245],"may":[246],"have":[247],"contributed.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
