{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285091924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143346","title":"Monitoring Mass Variations in Iraq Using Time-Variable Gravity Data","display_name":"Monitoring Mass Variations in Iraq Using Time-Variable Gravity Data","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285091924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143346"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14143346","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143346","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/14/3346/pdf?version=1657600367","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/14/3346/pdf?version=1657600367","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079603388","display_name":"Abdullah Othman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8900-6251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199693650","display_name":"Umm al-Qura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xjqrm90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Othman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Engineering, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085196131","display_name":"Ahmed Abdelrady","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9034-9999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Abdelrady","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028972317","display_name":"Ahmed Mohamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-1910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91041137","display_name":"Assiut University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jaj8n65","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085196131"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.1078,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93883919,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"14","first_page":"3346","last_page":"3346"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11786","display_name":"Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater","display_name":"Groundwater","score":0.7679890394210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6600934267044067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.5670228004455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/period","display_name":"Period (music)","score":0.5597988963127136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.5288644433021545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-shortage","display_name":"Economic shortage","score":0.46441003680229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2776162028312683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.16371947526931763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.15729832649230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07511478662490845}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.7679890394210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6600934267044067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.5670228004455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.5597988963127136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.5288644433021545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691","display_name":"Economic shortage","level":3,"score":0.46441003680229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2776162028312683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.16371947526931763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15729832649230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07511478662490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14143346","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143346","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/14/3346/pdf?version=1657600367","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3797c2402d2d4795a423b35d8efd78ed","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3797c2402d2d4795a423b35d8efd78ed","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 14, p 3346 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/14/3346/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14143346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 14; Pages: 3346","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:1991bfc1-06d7-430e-84d8-66887012ae6b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1991bfc1-06d7-430e-84d8-66887012ae6b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14143346","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143346","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/14/3346/pdf?version=1657600367","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285091924.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285091924.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480234772","https://openalex.org/W1492391551","https://openalex.org/W1532228020","https://openalex.org/W1588827410","https://openalex.org/W1692681148","https://openalex.org/W1796535361","https://openalex.org/W1964766624","https://openalex.org/W1971918252","https://openalex.org/W1973607785","https://openalex.org/W1990716986","https://openalex.org/W1997319549","https://openalex.org/W2016042030","https://openalex.org/W2016296385","https://openalex.org/W2018354786","https://openalex.org/W2030126955","https://openalex.org/W2037175390","https://openalex.org/W2080082513","https://openalex.org/W2098847272","https://openalex.org/W2100906943","https://openalex.org/W2106371033","https://openalex.org/W2116287609","https://openalex.org/W2118930997","https://openalex.org/W2119132330","https://openalex.org/W2129537345","https://openalex.org/W2133540009","https://openalex.org/W2139207699","https://openalex.org/W2165425325","https://openalex.org/W2265762775","https://openalex.org/W2520852046","https://openalex.org/W2523841373","https://openalex.org/W2561477190","https://openalex.org/W2613801795","https://openalex.org/W2754502251","https://openalex.org/W2897345900","https://openalex.org/W2902593550","https://openalex.org/W2908084016","https://openalex.org/W2908393483","https://openalex.org/W2945297228","https://openalex.org/W2951404685","https://openalex.org/W2966722893","https://openalex.org/W2979520235","https://openalex.org/W2995573629","https://openalex.org/W3000008350","https://openalex.org/W3000644855","https://openalex.org/W3005619497","https://openalex.org/W3016204889","https://openalex.org/W3025427154","https://openalex.org/W3045682280","https://openalex.org/W3084498205","https://openalex.org/W3126780502","https://openalex.org/W3133401948","https://openalex.org/W3137517007","https://openalex.org/W3139012304","https://openalex.org/W3139508715","https://openalex.org/W3148250016","https://openalex.org/W3196724758","https://openalex.org/W4221120956","https://openalex.org/W4226366629","https://openalex.org/W4282021706","https://openalex.org/W4283321625","https://openalex.org/W4285092524","https://openalex.org/W6603795164","https://openalex.org/W6649792663","https://openalex.org/W6654431618","https://openalex.org/W6670390643","https://openalex.org/W6738160722","https://openalex.org/W6772486577"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2579473328","https://openalex.org/W2509147714","https://openalex.org/W2590211375","https://openalex.org/W4239898203","https://openalex.org/W2586833044","https://openalex.org/W2603666417","https://openalex.org/W46955353","https://openalex.org/W2315021981","https://openalex.org/W2955295882","https://openalex.org/W2145869671"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Iraq":[0],"is":[1,262,275,280],"facing":[2],"a":[3,117,203,253,266],"water":[4,8,235],"shortage":[5],"due":[6],"to":[7,42,104,142,217,220,264],"scarcity":[9],"and":[10,29,70,87,134,150,164,181,208,225,282],"anthropogenic":[11],"activities.":[12],"The":[13,54,92,223,245,277],"recent":[14],"advance":[15],"in":[16,18,205],"technologies":[17],"geophysical":[19],"methods":[20],"has":[21,252],"made":[22],"groundwater":[23,50,167,210,221,273],"monitoring":[24],"possible.":[25],"Time-variable":[26],"gravity":[27,114],"data":[28],"outputs":[30],"of":[31,83,119,196,247],"the":[32,44,59,74,111,125,136,158,166,189,194,197,231,237,242,248],"climatic":[33],"model,":[34],"as":[35,37,228,230],"well":[36,229],"rainfall":[38,206],"data,":[39],"are":[40],"integrated":[41,278],"investigate":[43],"spatio-temporal":[45],"mass":[46],"variations":[47,97],"caused":[48],"by":[49,241],"changes":[51],"over":[52],"Iraq.":[53],"findings":[55],"are:":[56],"(1)":[57],"For":[58,130],"entire":[60,126,159],"study":[61,75],"period":[62],"(04/2002\u201312/2020),":[63],"Period":[64,67,71,201,213],"I":[65],"(04/2002\u201312/2006),":[66],"II":[68],"(01/2007\u201312/2017),":[69],"III":[72,214],"(01/2018\u201312/2020),":[73],"region":[76],"had":[77],"an":[78],"average":[79,93,137],"annual":[80],"precipitation":[81],"rate":[82],"223.4,":[84],"252.5,":[85],"194.2,":[86],"311.6":[88],"mm/y,":[89,154,185],"respectively.":[90,155],"(2)":[91],"Terrestrial":[94],"Water":[95],"Storage":[96],"(\u0394TWSs)":[98],"varied":[99],"from":[100,236],"\u22125.79":[101],"\u00b1":[102,106,121,145,148,152,173,176,179,183],"0.70":[103,107],"\u22125.11":[105],"mm/y":[108,123],"based":[109],"on":[110],"three":[112],"different":[113],"solutions":[115],"with":[116],"mean":[118],"\u22125.51":[120],"0.68":[122],"for":[124],"investigated":[127],"period.":[128],"(3)":[129],"Periods":[131,161],"I,":[132,162],"II,":[133,163,165,202],"III,":[135],"\u0394TWS":[138],"fluctuation":[139,168],"was":[140,169],"calculated":[141],"be":[143],"+6.82":[144],"1.92,":[146],"\u22126.20":[147],"1.17,":[149],"+28.58":[151],"12.78":[153],"(4)":[156],"During":[157],"period,":[160],"averaged":[170],"at":[171],"\u22124.86":[172],"0.68,":[174],"+2.47":[175],"2.20,":[177],"\u22123.79":[178],"1.20,":[180],"\u22124.63":[182],"12.99":[184],"respectively,":[186],"after":[187],"subtracting":[188],"non-groundwater":[190],"components.":[191],"(5)":[192],"At":[193],"beginning":[195],"2007":[198],"drought":[199],"during":[200,212],"decline":[204],"rate,":[207],"significant":[209],"withdrawal":[211],"all":[215],"appear":[216],"have":[218,265],"contributed":[219],"depletion.":[222],"Euphrates":[224],"Tigris":[226],"Rivers,":[227],"Mesopotamian":[232,249],"plain,":[233,250],"receive":[234],"running":[238],"streams":[239],"created":[240],"ground":[243],"relief.":[244],"area":[246],"which":[251],"thicker":[254],"sedimentary":[255],"sequence":[256],"that":[257,271],"can":[258],"reach":[259],"9000":[260],"m,":[261],"found":[263],"positive":[267],"TWS":[268],"signal,":[269],"indicating":[270],"its":[272],"potential":[274],"higher.":[276],"approach":[279],"informative":[281],"cost-effective.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2022-07-14T00:00:00"}
