{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213414143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051081","title":"Evaluation of Forward Models for GNSS Radio Occultation Data Processing and Assimilation","display_name":"Evaluation of Forward Models for GNSS Radio Occultation Data Processing and Assimilation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213414143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051081"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14051081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051081","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/5/1081/pdf?version=1645595968","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/5/1081/pdf?version=1645595968","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063421901","display_name":"Nan Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2974-2302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115570","display_name":"National Space Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nnjtm50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115570","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006413981","display_name":"Weihua Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7002-787X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115570","display_name":"National Space Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nnjtm50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weihua Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China","School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115570","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110749300","display_name":"Yueqiang Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115570","display_name":"National Space Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nnjtm50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yueqiang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China","School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115570","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100946755","display_name":"Qifei Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115570","display_name":"National Space Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nnjtm50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qifei Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115570","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056864848","display_name":"Junming Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3876-1708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115570","display_name":"National Space Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nnjtm50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junming Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115570","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116568465","display_name":"Xianyi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2438-6900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115570","display_name":"National Space Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nnjtm50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianyi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115570","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037587360","display_name":"Congliang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2660-1931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115570","display_name":"National Space Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nnjtm50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Congliang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115570","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047878660","display_name":"Yuerong Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115570","display_name":"National Space Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nnjtm50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuerong Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115570","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019424514","display_name":"Xiangguang Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4132-3442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115570","display_name":"National Space Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nnjtm50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangguang Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115570","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079500908","display_name":"Cong Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0238-4568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115570","display_name":"National Space Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nnjtm50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115570","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009194677","display_name":"Feixiong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6888-280X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115570","display_name":"National Space Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nnjtm50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feixiong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115570","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111286904","display_name":"Peng Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115570","display_name":"National Space Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nnjtm50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115570","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085463374","display_name":"Guangyuan Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1896-3203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115570","display_name":"National Space Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nnjtm50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangyuan Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115570","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100697574","display_name":"Xiaoxu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-7077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115570","display_name":"National Space Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nnjtm50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC), NSSC/CAS and University of Graz, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, CAS, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115570","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":14,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006413981"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570","https://openalex.org/I4210148107","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.4641,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67100273,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"5","first_page":"1081","last_page":"1081"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-occultation","display_name":"Radio occultation","score":0.6136734485626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-assimilation","display_name":"Data assimilation","score":0.5298882126808167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spline-interpolation","display_name":"Spline interpolation","score":0.45082777738571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.4346335530281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.42082154750823975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3831590712070465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.3826894462108612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.35492944717407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3497747778892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.31956249475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2866058349609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2467426061630249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2304079830646515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12240073084831238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.11092919111251831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777034083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1560557","display_name":"Radio occultation","level":3,"score":0.6136734485626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24552861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670177","display_name":"Data assimilation","level":2,"score":0.5298882126808167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31447003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545002","display_name":"Spline interpolation","level":3,"score":0.45082777738571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.4346335530281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.42082154750823975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3831590712070465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3826894462108612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.35492944717407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3497747778892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.31956249475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2866058349609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2467426061630249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2304079830646515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12240073084831238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.11092919111251831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205203396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612143","display_name":"Bilinear interpolation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14051081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051081","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/5/1081/pdf?version=1645595968","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f276bb4d882c4a36a7c601646e8603ad","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f276bb4d882c4a36a7c601646e8603ad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 5, p 1081 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/5/1081/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14051081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 5; Pages: 1081","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14051081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051081","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/5/1081/pdf?version=1645595968","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1023919524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G107432499","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1775034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G37568934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5598133220","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42074042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6258415954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Chinese","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6565316217","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NESDIS","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","funder_display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G694231766","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41775034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7228043469","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8397629356","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCTD-2021-10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8900593993","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42074042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322037","display_name":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/05qk3ge34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325582","display_name":"Karl-Franzens-Universit\u00e4t Graz","ror":"https://ror.org/01faaaf77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335584","display_name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8jg394"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337972","display_name":"National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service","ror":"https://ror.org/007qwym43"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213414143.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213414143.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565363968","https://openalex.org/W1964802290","https://openalex.org/W1995715587","https://openalex.org/W1997819019","https://openalex.org/W2006390736","https://openalex.org/W2013990178","https://openalex.org/W2033105237","https://openalex.org/W2066284502","https://openalex.org/W2101992743","https://openalex.org/W2103278613","https://openalex.org/W2103839374","https://openalex.org/W2109606373","https://openalex.org/W2120653142","https://openalex.org/W2122843862","https://openalex.org/W2154074878","https://openalex.org/W2162685797","https://openalex.org/W2318229073","https://openalex.org/W2354550242","https://openalex.org/W2483834655","https://openalex.org/W2783779770","https://openalex.org/W2900890072","https://openalex.org/W2901475237","https://openalex.org/W2955205291","https://openalex.org/W2982861313","https://openalex.org/W2993815972","https://openalex.org/W2994578829","https://openalex.org/W2997401331","https://openalex.org/W3000444622","https://openalex.org/W3004506590","https://openalex.org/W3014300220","https://openalex.org/W3042573543","https://openalex.org/W3096519641","https://openalex.org/W3097950990","https://openalex.org/W3118703228","https://openalex.org/W4244595502"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386936491","https://openalex.org/W3110195467","https://openalex.org/W4252604529","https://openalex.org/W2075821040","https://openalex.org/W2074701427","https://openalex.org/W92118459","https://openalex.org/W2074792291","https://openalex.org/W2925660996","https://openalex.org/W2084508237","https://openalex.org/W2990073959"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"radio":[1],"occultation":[2],"(RO)":[3],"data":[4,7,192],"processing":[5],"and":[6,25,36,47,56,69,81,144,194,202,227,251],"assimilation,":[8],"the":[9,67,74,82,93,101,118,138,145,157,213,234,244,249],"forward":[10,28,62],"model":[11,63,177,207,255],"(FM)":[12],"is":[13,100,120,152,218],"used":[14,182],"to":[15,114,150,246],"calculate":[16],"bending":[17],"angle":[18],"(BA)":[19],"from":[20],"refractivity":[21,34,51,174],"(N).":[22],"The":[23,171],"accuracy":[24,110],"precision":[26],"of":[27,49,73,86,125,127,147,160,179,209,257],"modeled":[29,78],"BA":[30,205],"are":[31,173],"affected":[32],"by":[33,65],"profiles":[35,175],"FM":[37,104,162,264],"methods,":[38],"including":[39,184],"Abel":[40],"integral":[41,53,109],"algorithms":[42],"(direct,":[43],"exp,":[44],"exp_T,":[45],"linear)":[46],"methods":[48,64],"interpolating":[50],"during":[52],"(log-cubic":[54],"spline":[55,97],"log-linear).":[57],"Experiment":[58,154],"1":[59,128],"compares":[60],"these":[61],"comparing":[66],"difference":[68,71],"relative":[70],"(RD)":[72],"experimental":[75],"value":[76,84],"(forward":[77],"ECMWF":[79,185,210],"analysis)":[80],"true":[83],"(BA":[85],"FY3D":[87],"RO":[88],"data).":[89],"Results":[90,196],"suggested":[91],"that":[92,198],"exp":[94,148,151,201],"with":[95],"log-cubic":[96,203],"(log-cubic)":[98],"interpolation":[99],"most":[102],"accurate":[103],"because":[105],"it":[106],"has":[107,212],"better":[108,247],"(less":[111],"than":[112,122],"2%)":[113],"inputs,":[115],"especially":[116],"when":[117],"input":[119],"lower":[121],"an":[123,161],"order":[124],"magnitude":[126],"\u00d7":[129],"10\u22122":[130],"(that":[131],"is,":[132],"above":[133],"60":[134],"km).":[135],"By":[136,232],"contrast,":[137,233],"direct":[139],"induced":[140],"a":[141,262],"10%":[142],"error,":[143],"improvement":[146],"T":[149],"limited.":[153],"2":[155],"simulated":[156],"exact":[158],"errors":[159,253],"(exp)":[163],"based":[164,199],"on":[165,167,176,200,206,254],"inputs":[166,172],"different":[168],"vertical":[169],"resolutions.":[170],"levels":[178,256],"three":[180,258],"widely":[181],"analyses,":[183],"4Dvar":[186,211],"analysis,":[187],"final":[188],"operational":[189],"global":[190],"analysis":[191],"(FNL),":[193],"ERA5.":[195],"demonstrated":[197],"interpolation,":[204],"level":[208],"highest":[214],"accuracy,":[215],"whose":[216],"RD":[217],"0.5%":[219],"between":[220,224,229],"0\u201335":[221],"km,":[222,226],"4%":[223],"35\u201358":[225],"1.8%":[228],"58\u201380":[230],"km.":[231],"other":[235],"two":[236],"analyses":[237,259],"have":[238],"low":[239],"accuracy.":[240],"This":[241],"paper":[242],"paves":[243],"way":[245],"understanding":[248],"FM,":[250],"simulation":[252],"can":[260],"be":[261],"helpful":[263],"error":[265],"reference.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2022-02-25T00:00:00"}