{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210360254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214328","title":"Integrating Multiple Datasets and Machine Learning Algorithms for Satellite-Based Bathymetry in Seaports","display_name":"Integrating Multiple Datasets and Machine Learning Algorithms for Satellite-Based Bathymetry in Seaports","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210360254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214328","mag":"3210360254"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13214328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214328","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4328/pdf?version=1635411964","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4328/pdf?version=1635411964","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025822593","display_name":"Zhongqiang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6720-1104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109544","display_name":"Second Institute of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/01tkb7c15","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109544"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongqiang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center for the South China Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","States Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Natural Resources Ministry, Hangzhou 310012, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center for the South China Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"States Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Natural Resources Ministry, Hangzhou 310012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109544"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037598599","display_name":"Zhihua Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0066-1808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109544","display_name":"Second Institute of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/01tkb7c15","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109544"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhihua Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["States Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Natural Resources Ministry, Hangzhou 310012, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"States Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Natural Resources Ministry, Hangzhou 310012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109544"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103119945","display_name":"Wen Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4210-5447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44675526","display_name":"Shanghai Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n40zv07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marine Surveying and Mapping Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shanghai 201306, China","School of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Surveying and Mapping Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shanghai 201306, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037598599"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109544"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.7378,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82685292,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"21","first_page":"4328","last_page":"4328"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10341","display_name":"Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.6979168057441711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dredging","display_name":"Dredging","score":0.6940493583679199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6130897402763367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5505483746528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5378185510635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bathymetry","display_name":"Bathymetry","score":0.49557387828826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4686683118343353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.43970176577568054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39420050382614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.36965280771255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.33993226289749146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14630529284477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13428744673728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11780354380607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09773373603820801}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.6979168057441711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781279111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852170","display_name":"Dredging","level":2,"score":0.6940493583679199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6130897402763367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5505483746528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5378185510635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174943157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810826","display_name":"Bathymetry","level":2,"score":0.49557387828826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4686683118343353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.43970176577568054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39420050382614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36965280771255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.33993226289749146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14630529284477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13428744673728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11780354380607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09773373603820801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13214328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214328","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4328/pdf?version=1635411964","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e087065784ae455c84f41c1e81bb50f0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e087065784ae455c84f41c1e81bb50f0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 21, p 4328 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/21/4328/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 21; Pages: 4328","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13214328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214328","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4328/pdf?version=1635411964","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.75,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1900378374","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC140090","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2606062717","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61991454","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4364201126","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC1400901","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5760752404","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Projects","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6337474746","display_name":"Facilities Support:   SOPAC GNSS Infrastructure and Real-time Operations","funder_award_id":"1400901","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8114646031","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016Y","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318054962","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(2016YFC1400901)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G850960841","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8955107213","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Major","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3210360254.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3210360254.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W273955616","https://openalex.org/W1500512887","https://openalex.org/W1965156418","https://openalex.org/W2002772977","https://openalex.org/W2036732637","https://openalex.org/W2037245714","https://openalex.org/W2068295856","https://openalex.org/W2102201073","https://openalex.org/W2105012295","https://openalex.org/W2161890892","https://openalex.org/W2168707907","https://openalex.org/W2171375275","https://openalex.org/W2883508638","https://openalex.org/W2921217816","https://openalex.org/W2922867646","https://openalex.org/W2937874144","https://openalex.org/W2945963590","https://openalex.org/W2988541995","https://openalex.org/W2989867130","https://openalex.org/W3005258688","https://openalex.org/W3025404589","https://openalex.org/W3028270646","https://openalex.org/W3040472426","https://openalex.org/W3158147602","https://openalex.org/W3175377896","https://openalex.org/W3195336548","https://openalex.org/W4245747405","https://openalex.org/W6610017368","https://openalex.org/W6675321329","https://openalex.org/W6777654630"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2156909292","https://openalex.org/W2999348011","https://openalex.org/W2301106095","https://openalex.org/W155941434","https://openalex.org/W2375034415","https://openalex.org/W2041630996","https://openalex.org/W2625371984","https://openalex.org/W2390564770","https://openalex.org/W2243600059","https://openalex.org/W2392669367"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Water":[0],"depth":[1,19,73],"estimation":[2,74],"in":[3,111,116],"seaports":[4],"is":[5],"essential":[6],"for":[7,17],"effective":[8],"port":[9],"management.":[10],"This":[11],"paper":[12],"presents":[13],"an":[14],"empirical":[15],"approach":[16,40],"water":[18,91],"determination":[20,87],"from":[21],"satellite":[22],"imagery":[23],"through":[24],"the":[25,38,71],"integration":[26],"of":[27,37,86,99],"multiple":[28],"datasets":[29],"and":[30,43,61,82,96,102],"machine":[31,48,64],"learning":[32,49,65],"algorithms.":[33],"The":[34,105],"implementation":[35],"details":[36],"proposed":[39,72],"are":[41],"provided":[42],"compared":[44],"against":[45],"different":[46],"existing":[47],"algorithms":[50],"with":[51,93,118],"a":[52,57,62,77,83,123],"single":[53,58,63],"training":[54,59],"set.":[55],"For":[56],"set":[60],"method,":[66],"our":[67],"analysis":[68],"shows":[69],"that":[70],"method":[75,107],"provides":[76],"better":[78],"root-mean-square":[79],"error":[80],"(RMSE)":[81],"higher":[84],"coefficient":[85],"(R2)":[88],"under":[89],"turbid":[90],"conditions,":[92],"overall":[94],"RMSE":[95],"R2":[97],"improvements":[98],"1":[100],"cm":[101],"0.7,":[103],"respectively.":[104],"developed":[106],"may":[108],"be":[109],"employed":[110],"monitoring":[112],"dredging":[113],"activities,":[114],"especially":[115],"areas":[117],"polluted":[119],"water,":[120],"mud":[121],"and/or":[122],"high":[124],"sediment":[125],"content.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-20T07:46:08.049788","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
