{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210370660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214288","title":"Evaluating the Dynamic Changes of Urban Land and Its Fractional Covers in Africa from 2000\u20132020 Using Time Series of Remotely Sensed Images on the Big Data Platform","display_name":"Evaluating the Dynamic Changes of Urban Land and Its Fractional Covers in Africa from 2000\u20132020 Using Time Series of Remotely Sensed Images on the Big Data Platform","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210370660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214288","mag":"3210370660"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13214288","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214288","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4288/pdf?version=1635390389","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4288/pdf?version=1635390389","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109310627","display_name":"Zherui Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202126657","display_name":"Qufu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ceheh96","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zherui Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rizhao Campus Office, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rizhao Campus Office, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036921315","display_name":"Wenhui Kuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1623-8801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenhui Kuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073858006","display_name":"Yuhai Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5661-291X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22046295","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0497ase59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22046295"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhai Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22046295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068962704","display_name":"Yinyin Dou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0119-1473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinyin Dou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029289193","display_name":"Wenfeng Chi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I228616957","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02311bm93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I228616957"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenfeng Chi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Environmental Economics, Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010070, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environmental Economics, Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I228616957"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037774492","display_name":"Friday Uchenna Ochege","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-0966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100116408","display_name":"University of Port Harcourt","ror":"https://ror.org/005bw2d06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100116408"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103115","display_name":"Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography","ror":"https://ror.org/01a8ev928","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210103115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN","NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Friday Uchenna Ochege","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323 Choba, East-West, Port Harcourt 999062, Nigeria","State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 818, South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323 Choba, East-West, Port Harcourt 999062, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100116408"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 818, South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103115","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015270444","display_name":"Tao Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-2379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202126657","display_name":"Qufu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ceheh96","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Land Studies, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China","School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Land Studies, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036921315"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.3136,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79420641,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"21","first_page":"4288","last_page":"4288"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impervious-surface","display_name":"Impervious surface","score":0.8359152674674988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.5929524898529053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.5853127241134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arid","display_name":"Arid","score":0.54892897605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5229350328445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.4881342351436615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.48507943749427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.4767913818359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.4719775319099426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/built-up-area","display_name":"Built-up area","score":0.4595438838005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.42262378334999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.2971400022506714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.20911678671836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.13956370949745178}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2668921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434713","display_name":"Impervious surface","level":2,"score":0.8359152674674988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.5929524898529053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.5853127241134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150772632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330709","display_name":"Arid","level":2,"score":0.54892897605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5229350328445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.4881342351436615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.48507943749427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.4767913818359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4719775319099426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780105985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q702492","display_name":"Built-up area","level":3,"score":0.4595438838005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.42262378334999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.2971400022506714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.20911678671836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13956370949745178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13214288","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214288","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4288/pdf?version=1635390389","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ecc125d654da4a4eb338bfef6a4b7b3b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ecc125d654da4a4eb338bfef6a4b7b3b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 21, p 4288 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/21/4288/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214288","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13214288","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214288","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4288/pdf?version=1635390389","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3210370660.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3210370660.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1241155848","https://openalex.org/W1245938035","https://openalex.org/W1512253240","https://openalex.org/W1545063981","https://openalex.org/W1848408194","https://openalex.org/W1886448857","https://openalex.org/W1964464153","https://openalex.org/W1969589719","https://openalex.org/W1969666701","https://openalex.org/W1974067919","https://openalex.org/W1981497032","https://openalex.org/W1988857133","https://openalex.org/W1991663811","https://openalex.org/W2006255049","https://openalex.org/W2016943428","https://openalex.org/W2023006777","https://openalex.org/W2024870143","https://openalex.org/W2031180101","https://openalex.org/W2044251836","https://openalex.org/W2059080117","https://openalex.org/W2059444176","https://openalex.org/W2066131315","https://openalex.org/W2070447406","https://openalex.org/W2071361642","https://openalex.org/W2082631593","https://openalex.org/W2089909760","https://openalex.org/W2099117510","https://openalex.org/W2101096967","https://openalex.org/W2102182928","https://openalex.org/W2112341417","https://openalex.org/W2123379032","https://openalex.org/W2125797437","https://openalex.org/W2150784631","https://openalex.org/W2151689871","https://openalex.org/W2183593531","https://openalex.org/W2202474462","https://openalex.org/W2226385598","https://openalex.org/W2227160239","https://openalex.org/W2240985233","https://openalex.org/W2254566213","https://openalex.org/W2257287819","https://openalex.org/W2260616500","https://openalex.org/W2330689847","https://openalex.org/W2332297105","https://openalex.org/W2343480578","https://openalex.org/W2395140742","https://openalex.org/W2468193463","https://openalex.org/W2514239919","https://openalex.org/W2547596710","https://openalex.org/W2593542173","https://openalex.org/W2621617670","https://openalex.org/W2735817988","https://openalex.org/W2772366318","https://openalex.org/W2791552765","https://openalex.org/W2888269694","https://openalex.org/W2898962279","https://openalex.org/W2903214225","https://openalex.org/W2914286561","https://openalex.org/W2935442137","https://openalex.org/W2941246081","https://openalex.org/W2954632730","https://openalex.org/W3006382827","https://openalex.org/W3011388604","https://openalex.org/W3013724980","https://openalex.org/W3013794199","https://openalex.org/W3022476827","https://openalex.org/W3090679658","https://openalex.org/W3111816505","https://openalex.org/W3118477051","https://openalex.org/W3124620142","https://openalex.org/W3168484968","https://openalex.org/W3176025970","https://openalex.org/W3180587720","https://openalex.org/W3181836398","https://openalex.org/W3193955690","https://openalex.org/W3194394060","https://openalex.org/W6642610809","https://openalex.org/W6686407909","https://openalex.org/W6691778644"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385551223","https://openalex.org/W2512263974","https://openalex.org/W2247153464","https://openalex.org/W2882975962","https://openalex.org/W2908289967","https://openalex.org/W2371213369","https://openalex.org/W2022761149","https://openalex.org/W3044839419","https://openalex.org/W3213783161","https://openalex.org/W2271813916"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dramatic":[0],"urban":[1,58,89,105,130,149,190,207,225,251,280],"land":[2,59,106,281,285],"expansion":[3,123,150],"and":[4,23,51,60,68,127,174,217,250,253,259,282],"its":[5,61,283],"internal":[6],"sub-fraction":[7],"change":[8,25,287],"during":[9,290],"2000\u20132020":[10,291],"have":[11],"taken":[12],"place":[13],"in":[14,71,153,199,273,288],"Africa;":[15],"however,":[16],"the":[17,28,35,43,103,128,133,143,148,204,223,228,262,274,277,293,299],"investigation":[18],"of":[19,37,46,76,98,125,132,142,168,178,295],"their":[20],"spatial":[21],"heterogeneity":[22],"dynamic":[24],"monitoring":[26],"at":[27],"continental":[29],"scale":[30],"are":[31],"rarely":[32],"reported.":[33],"Taking":[34],"whole":[36],"Africa":[38,108,160,289],"as":[39,203],"a":[40,81,121,164,175,233,269],"study":[41],"area,":[42],"synergic":[44],"approach":[45],"normalized":[47],"settlement":[48],"density":[49],"index":[50],"random":[52],"forest":[53],"was":[54,151,161,196,209,257],"applied":[55],"to":[56,115,171],"assess":[57],"sub-land":[62],"fractions":[63],"(i.e.,":[64,185,246],"impervious":[65,182,213,254],"surface":[66,183,214,255],"area":[67,131,173,184,208,215,256],"vegetation":[69,169,179,219],"space)":[70],"Africa,":[72],"through":[73],"time":[74],"series":[75],"remotely":[77],"sensed":[78],"images":[79],"on":[80,302],"cloud":[82],"computing":[83],"platform.":[84],"The":[85,240],"generated":[86],"30-m":[87],"resolution":[88],"land/sub-land":[90],"products":[91],"displayed":[92,232],"good":[93],"accuracy,":[94],"with":[95,120,163,222,268],"comprehensive":[96],"accuracy":[97],"over":[99],"90%.":[100],"During":[101],"2000\u20132020,":[102],"evaluated":[104],"throughout":[107],"increased":[109],"from":[110],"1.93":[111],"\u00d7":[112,117],"104":[113,118],"km2":[114],"4.18":[116],"km2,":[119],"total":[122,144],"rate":[124],"116.49%,":[126],"expanded":[129,206],"top":[134],"six":[135],"countries":[136],"accounted":[137],"for":[138],"more":[139],"than":[140,181,237,276],"half":[141],"increments,":[145],"meaning":[146],"that":[147],"concentrated":[152],"several":[154],"major":[155],"countries.":[156],"A":[157,192],"turning":[158],"green":[159],"observed,":[162],"continuously":[165],"increasing":[166],"ratio":[167],"space":[170,180],"built-up":[172],"faster":[176],"increment":[177],"134.43%":[186],"vs.,":[187],"108.88%)":[188],"within":[189],"regions.":[191,239],"better":[193,234],"living":[194,235],"environment":[195,236],"also":[197,231],"found":[198],"different":[200],"urbanized":[201],"regions,":[202],"newly":[205],"characterized":[210],"by":[211],"lower":[212],"fraction":[216,220],"higher":[218,270],"compared":[221],"original":[224],"area.":[226],"Similarly,":[227],"humid/semi-humid":[229],"regions":[230],"arid/semi-arid":[238],"relationship":[241],"between":[242],"socioeconomic":[243],"development":[244],"factors":[245],"gross":[247],"domestic":[248],"product":[249],"population)":[252],"investigated":[258],"both":[260],"passed":[261],"significance":[263],"test":[264],"(p":[265],"<":[266],"0.05),":[267],"fit":[271],"value":[272],"former":[275],"latter.":[278],"Overall,":[279],"fractional":[284],"cover":[286],"promoted":[292],"well-being":[294],"human":[296],"settlements,":[297],"indicating":[298],"positive":[300],"effect":[301],"environments.":[303]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-16T23:07:24.559242","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}