{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3206609383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13204091","title":"A Comparative Estimation of Maize Leaf Water Content Using Machine Learning Techniques and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-Based Proximal and Remotely Sensed Data","display_name":"A Comparative Estimation of Maize Leaf Water Content Using Machine Learning Techniques and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-Based Proximal and Remotely Sensed Data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3206609383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13204091","mag":"3206609383"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13204091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13204091","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/20/4091/pdf?version=1634128321","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/20/4091/pdf?version=1634128321","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072472889","display_name":"Helen S. Ndlovu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8082-6157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Helen S. Ndlovu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Discipline of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Agricultural Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Agricultural Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031257536","display_name":"John Odindi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4934-1346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Odindi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Discipline of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Agricultural Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Agricultural Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011418849","display_name":"Mbulisi Sibanda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4589-7099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I869660684","display_name":"University of the Western Cape","ror":"https://ror.org/00h2vm590","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mbulisi Sibanda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Environmental Studies & Tourism, Faculty of Arts, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Environmental Studies & Tourism, Faculty of Arts, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052316745","display_name":"Onisimo Mutanga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7358-8111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Onisimo Mutanga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Discipline of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Agricultural Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Agricultural Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074391749","display_name":"Alistair Clulow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8803-8780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alistair Clulow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Discipline of Agrometeorology, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Agrometeorology, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065458289","display_name":"Vimbayi Grace Petrova Chimonyo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vimbayi G. P. Chimonyo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa","International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare P.O. Box MP 163, Zimbabwe"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare P.O. Box MP 163, Zimbabwe","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005970114","display_name":"Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9323-8127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072472889"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":9.2866,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":90,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98485128,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"20","first_page":"4091","last_page":"4091"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.6980822682380676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.6739417314529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.665010392665863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-engineering","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","score":0.5675846338272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4831770956516266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.4661022424697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop","display_name":"Crop","score":0.4114041328430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agroforestry","display_name":"Agroforestry","score":0.3548818826675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2177472710609436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.18330761790275574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09857061505317688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.6980822682380676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.6739417314529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.665010392665863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5675846338272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4831770956516266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.4661022424697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.4114041328430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.3548818826675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2177472710609436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.18330761790275574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09857061505317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13204091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13204091","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/20/4091/pdf?version=1634128321","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk:4678142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4589-7099>;","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402527","display_name":"LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","host_organization_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4814d6bec852465e8f2eb2307e427317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4814d6bec852465e8f2eb2307e427317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 20, p 4091 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/20/4091/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13204091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.uwc.ac.za:10566/6966","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10566/6966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400180","display_name":"UWC Research Repository (University of the Western Cape)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I869660684","host_organization_name":"University of the Western Cape","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13204091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13204091","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/20/4091/pdf?version=1634128321","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5536213987","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WRC K5/2971//4","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322639","funder_display_name":"Water Research Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6587723572","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"84157","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8008668413","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"119409","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322639","display_name":"Water Research Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/02qv02186"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3206609383.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3206609383.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64591556","https://openalex.org/W1581890889","https://openalex.org/W1969392599","https://openalex.org/W1970300866","https://openalex.org/W1994704626","https://openalex.org/W2038782607","https://openalex.org/W2066214675","https://openalex.org/W2109016221","https://openalex.org/W2110126770","https://openalex.org/W2148900115","https://openalex.org/W2149461430","https://openalex.org/W2188115011","https://openalex.org/W2192980509","https://openalex.org/W2217184241","https://openalex.org/W2218047931","https://openalex.org/W2261059368","https://openalex.org/W2305485144","https://openalex.org/W2400450278","https://openalex.org/W2509244836","https://openalex.org/W2515331020","https://openalex.org/W2523253747","https://openalex.org/W2527371219","https://openalex.org/W2581506409","https://openalex.org/W2585058749","https://openalex.org/W2600798029","https://openalex.org/W2605645516","https://openalex.org/W2615689206","https://openalex.org/W2767189848","https://openalex.org/W2772052982","https://openalex.org/W2783037468","https://openalex.org/W2784201940","https://openalex.org/W2796382834","https://openalex.org/W2800742884","https://openalex.org/W2803430933","https://openalex.org/W2884438462","https://openalex.org/W2885770726","https://openalex.org/W2886454194","https://openalex.org/W2902130007","https://openalex.org/W2904536640","https://openalex.org/W2921325821","https://openalex.org/W2922028018","https://openalex.org/W2944954104","https://openalex.org/W2944973963","https://openalex.org/W2945927599","https://openalex.org/W2947795653","https://openalex.org/W2953453490","https://openalex.org/W2958508178","https://openalex.org/W2963128180","https://openalex.org/W2969243590","https://openalex.org/W2969371053","https://openalex.org/W2972906473","https://openalex.org/W2979824366","https://openalex.org/W2980983003","https://openalex.org/W2985960795","https://openalex.org/W2993529691","https://openalex.org/W2995825648","https://openalex.org/W3003888379","https://openalex.org/W3008303919","https://openalex.org/W3012599333","https://openalex.org/W3034897356","https://openalex.org/W3046527949","https://openalex.org/W3046824286","https://openalex.org/W3109873535","https://openalex.org/W3111042511","https://openalex.org/W3111203725","https://openalex.org/W3135871359","https://openalex.org/W3143808558","https://openalex.org/W3150712933","https://openalex.org/W3189916956","https://openalex.org/W6602557794","https://openalex.org/W6642251586","https://openalex.org/W6667027785","https://openalex.org/W6747645556","https://openalex.org/W6786975465"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318664220","https://openalex.org/W2771047279","https://openalex.org/W4388409104","https://openalex.org/W2124951708","https://openalex.org/W1544811710","https://openalex.org/W172072032","https://openalex.org/W2006066416","https://openalex.org/W3157073418","https://openalex.org/W2021642829","https://openalex.org/W2058127401"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Determining":[0],"maize":[1,28,72,95,128,178,196,213],"water":[2,29,74,97,100,129,180,197],"content":[3,105],"variability":[4],"is":[5],"necessary":[6],"for":[7,69,138],"crop":[8,73,205],"monitoring":[9,193],"and":[10,43,89,107,118,142,159,164,171,190,199,207],"in":[11,20,32,93,125],"developing":[12,187],"early":[13],"warning":[14],"systems":[15],"to":[16,38],"optimise":[17],"agricultural":[18],"production":[19],"smallholder":[21,132,212],"farms.":[22,133,214],"However,":[23],"spatially":[24,65,191],"explicit":[25,192],"information":[26,68],"on":[27,131],"content,":[30],"particularly":[31],"Southern":[33],"Africa,":[34],"remains":[35],"elementary":[36],"due":[37],"the":[39,71,83,127,135,147,167,173,208],"shortage":[40],"of":[41,47,85,156,177,195,204,211],"efficient":[42],"affordable":[44],"primary":[45],"sources":[46],"suitable":[48],"spatial":[49],"data":[50],"at":[51,76],"a":[52,188,202],"local":[53],"scale.":[54,78],"Unmanned":[55],"Aerial":[56],"Vehicles":[57],"(UAVs),":[58],"equipped":[59],"with":[60,153],"light-weight":[61],"multispectral":[62,87],"sensors,":[63],"provide":[64],"explicit,":[66],"near-real-time":[67],"determining":[70],"status":[75,198],"farm":[77],"Therefore,":[79],"this":[80],"study":[81],"evaluated":[82],"utility":[84],"UAV-derived":[86],"imagery":[88],"machine":[90],"learning":[91],"techniques":[92],"estimating":[94,139],"leaf":[96,109,179],"indicators:":[98],"equivalent":[99],"thickness":[101],"(EWT),":[102],"fuel":[103],"moisture":[104],"(FMC),":[106],"specific":[108],"area":[110],"(SLA).":[111],"The":[112,182],"results":[113],"illustrated":[114],"that":[115],"both":[116],"NIR":[117],"red-edge":[119],"derived":[120,145],"spectral":[121],"variables":[122],"were":[123,144,172],"critical":[124,185],"characterising":[126],"indicators":[130,176],"Furthermore,":[134],"best":[136],"models":[137],"EWT,":[140],"FMC,":[141],"SLA":[143],"from":[146],"random":[148],"forest":[149],"regression":[150],"(RFR)":[151],"algorithm":[152],"an":[154],"rRMSE":[155],"3.13%,":[157],"1%,":[158],"3.48%,":[160],"respectively.":[161],"Additionally,":[162],"EWT":[163],"FMC":[165],"yielded":[166],"highest":[168],"predictive":[169],"performance":[170],"most":[174],"optimal":[175],"content.":[181],"findings":[183],"are":[184],"towards":[186],"robust":[189],"framework":[194],"serve":[200],"as":[201],"proxy":[203],"health":[206],"overall":[209],"productivity":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}