{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3193992342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163317","title":"Identifying Individual Nutrient Deficiencies of Grapevine Leaves Using Hyperspectral Imaging","display_name":"Identifying Individual Nutrient Deficiencies of Grapevine Leaves Using Hyperspectral Imaging","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3193992342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163317","mag":"3193992342"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163317","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3317/pdf?version=1629702000","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3317/pdf?version=1629702000","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077007609","display_name":"Sourabhi Debnath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2264-8495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sourabhi Debnath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Laboratory, School of Computing and Mathematics, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst 2795, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Laboratory, School of Computing and Mathematics, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst 2795, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002818315","display_name":"Manoranjan Paul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6870-5056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manoranjan Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Laboratory, School of Computing and Mathematics, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst 2795, Australia","National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga 2650, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Laboratory, School of Computing and Mathematics, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst 2795, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga 2650, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038041119","display_name":"D. M. Motiur Rahaman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. M. Motiur Rahaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga 2650, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga 2650, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023371442","display_name":"Tanmoy Debnath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3530-5926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanmoy Debnath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Laboratory, School of Computing and Mathematics, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst 2795, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Laboratory, School of Computing and Mathematics, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst 2795, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030828106","display_name":"Lihong Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5728-4356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihong Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Laboratory, School of Computing and Mathematics, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst 2795, Australia","National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga 2650, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Laboratory, School of Computing and Mathematics, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst 2795, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga 2650, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002901258","display_name":"Tintu Baby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8417-0995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tintu Baby","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga 2650, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga 2650, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078843160","display_name":"Leigh M. Schmidtke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9765-5510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leigh M. Schmidtke","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga 2650, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga 2650, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086872698","display_name":"Suzy Y. Rogiers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6637-3561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801559191","display_name":"New South Wales Department of Primary Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/050khh066","country_code":"AU","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801351115","https://openalex.org/I2801559191"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suzy Y. Rogiers","raw_affiliation_strings":["NSW Department of Primary Industries, Regional NSW, Wollongbar 2478, Australia","National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga 2650, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NSW Department of Primary Industries, Regional NSW, Wollongbar 2478, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801559191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga 2650, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038041119"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.8294,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90307994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"16","first_page":"3317","last_page":"3317"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11796","display_name":"Horticultural and Viticultural Research","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8117783069610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient","display_name":"Nutrient","score":0.6755725145339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vineyard","display_name":"Vineyard","score":0.6670407056808472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vine","display_name":"Vine","score":0.6068575382232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.600216269493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.539574384689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.4930891692638397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3942100703716278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horticulture","display_name":"Horticulture","score":0.3855789005756378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.29556339979171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.2454935610294342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.12951093912124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.09733188152313232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.08026435971260071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8117783069610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.6755725145339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780924976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22715","display_name":"Vineyard","level":2,"score":0.6670407056808472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781214258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917284","display_name":"Vine","level":2,"score":0.6068575382232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.600216269493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.539574384689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.4930891692638397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3942100703716278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.3855789005756378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.29556339979171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2454935610294342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.12951093912124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.09733188152313232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08026435971260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163317","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3317/pdf?version=1629702000","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/27231f9a-3417-4b5c-be79-62eea6ecfac1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/en/publications/27231f9a-3417-4b5c-be79-62eea6ecfac1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055442","display_name":"Charles Sturt University Research Output (CRO)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Debnath, S, Paul, M, Motiur Rahaman, D M, Debnath, T, Zheng, L, Baby, T, Schmidtke, L M & Rogiers, S Y 2021, 'Identifying individual nutrient deficiencies of grapevine leaves using hyperspectral imaging', Remote Sensing, vol. 13, no. 16, 3317, pp. 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163317","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:611aae41158a40cbad85c79a392fc636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/611aae41158a40cbad85c79a392fc636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 16, p 3317 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/16/3317/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 16; Pages: 3317","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163317","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3317/pdf?version=1629702000","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3193992342.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3193992342.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1908653332","https://openalex.org/W1963825124","https://openalex.org/W1969945695","https://openalex.org/W1978584192","https://openalex.org/W2001896516","https://openalex.org/W2056577764","https://openalex.org/W2061855980","https://openalex.org/W2069673975","https://openalex.org/W2096542206","https://openalex.org/W2145887856","https://openalex.org/W2167828202","https://openalex.org/W2291011663","https://openalex.org/W2335534873","https://openalex.org/W2400350242","https://openalex.org/W2473106946","https://openalex.org/W2498583668","https://openalex.org/W2510243739","https://openalex.org/W2521050713","https://openalex.org/W2536481850","https://openalex.org/W2611517298","https://openalex.org/W2618002318","https://openalex.org/W2620745691","https://openalex.org/W2625496244","https://openalex.org/W2714342494","https://openalex.org/W2734714384","https://openalex.org/W2761176843","https://openalex.org/W2762619979","https://openalex.org/W2780615681","https://openalex.org/W2787334870","https://openalex.org/W2795127440","https://openalex.org/W2805772477","https://openalex.org/W2807663718","https://openalex.org/W2809918877","https://openalex.org/W2883840790","https://openalex.org/W2884900652","https://openalex.org/W2891755122","https://openalex.org/W2981679558","https://openalex.org/W2984661241","https://openalex.org/W2987227844","https://openalex.org/W3020675418","https://openalex.org/W3030157926","https://openalex.org/W3189668780","https://openalex.org/W6713116374","https://openalex.org/W6749742744","https://openalex.org/W6754539060"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3097030838","https://openalex.org/W1802164710","https://openalex.org/W4255262242","https://openalex.org/W1602246562","https://openalex.org/W2477996591","https://openalex.org/W4256051447","https://openalex.org/W2972812246","https://openalex.org/W78899793","https://openalex.org/W4236138846","https://openalex.org/W2993388975"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"efficiency":[1],"of":[2,14,37,50,113,127,143,167,211],"a":[3,34,123,147,164],"vineyard":[4],"management":[5,13],"system":[6],"is":[7],"directly":[8],"related":[9],"to":[10,43,155,169,176,185,201],"the":[11,82,99,111,114,191],"effective":[12],"nutritional":[15,29],"disorders,":[16,30],"which":[17],"significantly":[18],"downgrades":[19],"vine":[20],"growth,":[21],"crop":[22],"yield":[23],"and":[24,46,72,87,101,134,139,173,180,207],"wine":[25],"quality.":[26],"To":[27],"detect":[28],"we":[31],"successfully":[32],"extracted":[33,117],"wide":[35],"range":[36],"features":[38,112,126,159,203],"using":[39],"hyperspectral":[40],"(HS)":[41],"images":[42],"identify":[44,170,186],"healthy":[45,105],"individual":[47,128,187,208],"nutrient":[48,181,188,209],"deficiencies":[49,210],"grapevine":[51,212],"leaves.":[52,145,213],"Features":[53],"such":[54],"as":[55,103],"mean":[56,58,64],"reflectance,":[57,61],"first":[59],"derivative":[60],"variation":[62],"index,":[63],"spectral":[65],"ratio,":[66],"normalised":[67],"difference":[68],"vegetation":[69],"index":[70],"(NDVI)":[71],"standard":[73],"deviation":[74],"(SD)":[75],"were":[76,95,116,136],"employed":[77],"at":[78],"various":[79],"stages":[80],"in":[81,98],"ultraviolet":[83],"(UV),":[84],"visible":[85],"(VIS)":[86],"near-infrared":[88],"(N.I.R.)":[89],"regions":[90],"for":[91],"our":[92],"experiment.":[93],"Leaves":[94],"examined":[96],"visually":[97],"laboratory":[100],"grouped":[102],"either":[104],"(i.e.":[106],"control)":[107],"or":[108],"unhealthy.":[109],"Then,":[110],"leaves":[115,130],"from":[118,178],"these":[119,158],"two":[120],"groups.":[121],"In":[122],"second":[124],"experiment,":[125],"nutrient-deficient":[129],"(e.g.,":[131],"N,":[132],"K":[133],"Mg)":[135],"also":[137,184],"analysed":[138],"compared":[140],"with":[141,163],"those":[142],"control":[144,179],"Furthermore,":[146],"customised":[148],"support":[149],"vector":[150],"machine":[151],"(SVM)":[152],"was":[153],"used":[154],"demonstrate":[156],"that":[157,195],"can":[160],"be":[161],"utilised":[162],"high":[165],"degree":[166],"effectiveness":[168],"unhealthy":[171],"samples":[172],"not":[174],"only":[175],"distinguish":[177],"deficient":[182],"but":[183],"defects.":[189],"Therefore,":[190],"proposed":[192],"work":[193],"corroborated":[194],"HS":[196],"imaging":[197],"has":[198],"excellent":[199],"potential":[200],"analyse":[202],"based":[204],"on":[205],"healthiness":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}