{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3186597348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142801","title":"Design of a Generic Virtual Measurement Workflow for Processing Archived Point Cloud of Trees and Its Implementation of Light Condition Measurements on Stems","display_name":"Design of a Generic Virtual Measurement Workflow for Processing Archived Point Cloud of Trees and Its Implementation of Light Condition Measurements on Stems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3186597348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142801","mag":"3186597348"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13142801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142801","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/14/2801/pdf?version=1626516483","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/14/2801/pdf?version=1626516483","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100398357","display_name":"Zhichao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6662-835X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76198965","display_name":"Friedrich Schiller University Jena","ror":"https://ror.org/05qpz1x62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhichao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth Observation, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Grietgasse 6, 07747 Jena, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth Observation, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Grietgasse 6, 07747 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100339506","display_name":"Xiaoyuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3196-3443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75390827","display_name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00df5yc52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023127949","display_name":"Jun Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6225-6130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120126","display_name":"National Quality Inspection and Testing Center for Surveying and Mapping Products","ror":"https://ror.org/02tvjer66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120126"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Techniques Developing Department, National Engineering Research Center of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100039, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Techniques Developing Department, National Engineering Research Center of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100039, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120126"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035190058","display_name":"Yao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9233-0805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404632","display_name":"Jia Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1151-2007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011051705","display_name":"Christiane Schmullius","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6182-1249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76198965","display_name":"Friedrich Schiller University Jena","ror":"https://ror.org/05qpz1x62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christiane Schmullius","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth Observation, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Grietgasse 6, 07747 Jena, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth Observation, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Grietgasse 6, 07747 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100398357"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2317,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2498},"fwci":0.2743,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5206988,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"14","first_page":"2801","last_page":"2801"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7256491780281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.6625415086746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.6605813503265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5529855489730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crown","display_name":"Crown (dentistry)","score":0.4950026869773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32398492097854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2891724705696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.19548609852790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19001242518424988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.11320912837982178}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7256491780281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.6625415086746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.6605813503265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5529855489730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778400979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143720","display_name":"Crown (dentistry)","level":2,"score":0.4950026869773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32398492097854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2891724705696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.19548609852790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19001242518424988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.11320912837982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13142801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142801","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/14/2801/pdf?version=1626516483","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3dbdc20457c1481cb8e441c118532884","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3dbdc20457c1481cb8e441c118532884","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 14, p 2801 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/14/2801/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13142801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 14; Pages: 2801","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13142801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142801","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/14/2801/pdf?version=1626516483","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2300736770","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(CSC)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8589651859","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3186597348.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3186597348.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150119536","https://openalex.org/W247372891","https://openalex.org/W406736686","https://openalex.org/W1507347479","https://openalex.org/W1522215487","https://openalex.org/W1602995463","https://openalex.org/W1620412164","https://openalex.org/W1737412798","https://openalex.org/W1966579847","https://openalex.org/W1968041399","https://openalex.org/W1978250896","https://openalex.org/W1980089263","https://openalex.org/W1982445644","https://openalex.org/W1986745823","https://openalex.org/W1999814314","https://openalex.org/W2001287989","https://openalex.org/W2009880102","https://openalex.org/W2021507313","https://openalex.org/W2027521826","https://openalex.org/W2046469573","https://openalex.org/W2052643580","https://openalex.org/W2056871211","https://openalex.org/W2060484360","https://openalex.org/W2072723786","https://openalex.org/W2095265330","https://openalex.org/W2098591092","https://openalex.org/W2111764046","https://openalex.org/W2113748593","https://openalex.org/W2116635928","https://openalex.org/W2121616733","https://openalex.org/W2133427631","https://openalex.org/W2143956850","https://openalex.org/W2148778401","https://openalex.org/W2151115355","https://openalex.org/W2156108016","https://openalex.org/W2163433600","https://openalex.org/W2167248655","https://openalex.org/W2175890440","https://openalex.org/W2178097034","https://openalex.org/W2191491140","https://openalex.org/W2205437367","https://openalex.org/W2207081137","https://openalex.org/W2280788228","https://openalex.org/W2314554129","https://openalex.org/W2400265829","https://openalex.org/W2466959383","https://openalex.org/W2601384870","https://openalex.org/W2740121437","https://openalex.org/W2744949162","https://openalex.org/W2765850549","https://openalex.org/W2818204966","https://openalex.org/W2884197231","https://openalex.org/W2953421574","https://openalex.org/W2971649058","https://openalex.org/W2975501829","https://openalex.org/W3122830743","https://openalex.org/W4251565135","https://openalex.org/W4289562005","https://openalex.org/W6636429148","https://openalex.org/W6636681013","https://openalex.org/W6637731497","https://openalex.org/W6767338437","https://openalex.org/W7053146237"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W1981780420","https://openalex.org/W2182707996","https://openalex.org/W45233828","https://openalex.org/W2964988449","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2397952901","https://openalex.org/W2029380707","https://openalex.org/W4255934811","https://openalex.org/W1556261626"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Virtual":[0],"measurement":[1,53,82],"workflow":[2],"(VMW)":[3],"was":[4,15,54,74,112,211,219,255,292],"a":[5,44,77,91,108,144,195,236,320,360],"generic":[6],"data":[7,83,192],"mining":[8],"method":[9],"developed":[10],"in":[11,32,167,178],"this":[12,312,340],"study.":[13],"It":[14,210],"used":[16],"to":[17,40,137,294,301,315,317],"extract":[18],"tree":[19,85,93,234,238,242,254,277,334,348],"information":[20],"from":[21,189,299],"archived":[22],"point":[23],"clouds":[24],"under":[25],"limited":[26],"conditions":[27],"by":[28],"applying":[29],"virtual":[30,33,69,184],"measurements":[31],"reality.":[34],"As":[35],"an":[36,190],"example":[37],"of":[38,50,66,80,100,104,117,131,150,160,165,175,186,216,225,246,248,279,306,326,339,356,365],"how":[39],"use":[41],"VMW":[42,48,313,341,357,367],"for":[43,84,139,222,322,332,347,362],"specific":[45],"topic,":[46],"the":[47,61,97,101,118,125,132,151,173,200,214,217,223,232,249,252,258,271,275,280,289,324,353],"implementation":[49,58,314,342],"light":[51],"condition":[52],"further":[55,147,363],"developed.":[56],"This":[57,303],"could":[59,121],"measure":[60],"temporal":[62],"and":[63,87,162,207,268,358],"spatial":[64],"distribution":[65,224],"sunlight":[67,138,295],"on":[68,228,251,288,330],"trees":[70,185],"(stems).":[71],"The":[72,262,286,336],"output":[73],"expected":[75],"as":[76,319],"new":[78],"type":[79],"raw":[81],"morphology":[86],"phycological":[88],"studies.":[89,349],"At":[90],"single":[92,109],"scale,":[94],"it":[95,111,351],"facilitated":[96],"quantitative":[98],"interpretation":[99],"growth":[102],"strategy":[103],"branches.":[105],"By":[106],"measuring":[107],"tree,":[110,204],"found":[113,212],"that":[114,213,291],"only":[115],"4.34%":[116],"stem":[119,133,290],"surface":[120,250],"be":[122],"illuminated":[123,256],"throughout":[124,257],"day":[126,259],"(8":[127,260,296],"h).":[128,261],"Meanwhile,":[129,350],"35.87%":[130],"surfaces":[134],"were":[135],"exposed":[136,293],"less":[140],"than":[141],"one":[142],"hour":[143],"day.":[145],"A":[146,244],"mathematical":[148],"processing":[149],"output,":[152],"i.e.,":[153],"\u03b3":[154],"(a":[155],"ratio":[156],"between":[157],"relative":[158,163],"area":[159,287],"triangles":[161,166],"quantities":[164],"each":[168],"exposure":[169],"duration":[170],"group)":[171],"improved":[172],"sensitivity":[174],"identifying":[176,323],"differences":[177],"lighting":[179],"conditions.":[180],"Furthermore,":[181],"we":[182],"measured":[183],"four":[187],"species":[188],"additional":[191],"source":[193],"using":[194],"standardized":[196],"setting.":[197],"These":[198],"include":[199],"sessile":[201],"oak,":[202],"gemu":[203,233,253,272],"Masson\u2019s":[205,263,281],"pine,":[206],"cherry":[208],"tree.":[209,273],"shape":[215],"crown":[218,239,278,308,328],"also":[220],"significant":[221],"solar":[226],"energy":[227],"stems.":[229],"For":[230],"instance,":[231],"had":[235,265,343],"cylindrical":[237],"with":[240,270],"narrow":[241],"skeleton.":[243],"percentage":[245],"10.38":[247],"pine":[264],"similar":[266],"height":[267],"DBH":[269],"However,":[274],"elliptical":[276],"pines":[282],"prevented":[283],"more":[284],"lights.":[285],"h)":[297],"dropped":[298],"10.38%":[300],"5.71%.":[302],"good":[304],"differentiation":[305],"different":[307,333],"structures":[309],"might":[310],"help":[311],"continue":[316],"develop":[318],"tool":[321],"effect":[325],"various":[327],"shapes":[329],"radiosity":[331],"species.":[335],"successful":[337],"development":[338,364],"several":[344],"practical":[345],"applications":[346],"demonstrated":[352],"overall":[354],"feasibility":[355],"provided":[359],"paradigm":[361],"other":[366],"implementations.":[368]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}