{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3186946141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132550","title":"A Novel Change Detection Approach Based on Spectral Unmixing from Stacked Multitemporal Remote Sensing Images with a Variability of Endmembers","display_name":"A Novel Change Detection Approach Based on Spectral Unmixing from Stacked Multitemporal Remote Sensing Images with a Variability of Endmembers","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3186946141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132550","mag":"3186946141"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13132550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132550","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2550/pdf?version=1625106919","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2550/pdf?version=1625106919","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014326389","display_name":"Ke Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9692-4221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ke Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063406632","display_name":"Tao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6965-1256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059007878","display_name":"Ying Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2068-1216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128742","display_name":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service","ror":"https://ror.org/038fwcw54","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128742"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China","National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128742","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071630020","display_name":"Dongwei Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongwei Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101942110","display_name":"Haishan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7433-0721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haishan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014326389"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.748,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74634441,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"13","first_page":"2550","last_page":"2550"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endmember","display_name":"Endmember","score":0.9857256412506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-detection","display_name":"Change detection","score":0.7034856081008911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6952651143074036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6242534518241882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6222867369651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-map","display_name":"Thematic map","score":0.5776298642158508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.5281498432159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4781123995780945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4459828734397888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.44235488772392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.42359402775764465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4202152490615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4028889536857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.22044074535369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.16505736112594604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.1406523585319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13133758306503296}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58237817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5376204","display_name":"Endmember","level":3,"score":0.9857256412506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.7034856081008911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6952651143074036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6242534518241882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6222867369651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93692415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502030","display_name":"Thematic map","level":2,"score":0.5776298642158508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.5281498432159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4781123995780945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4459828734397888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.44235488772392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.42359402775764465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4202152490615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4028889536857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.22044074535369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.16505736112594604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.1406523585319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13133758306503296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13132550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132550","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2550/pdf?version=1625106919","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f779b3d97e1d4e99be2ca27650e8c9eb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f779b3d97e1d4e99be2ca27650e8c9eb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 13, p 2550 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/13/2550/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 13; Pages: 2550","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13132550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132550","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2550/pdf?version=1625106919","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3479671419","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071439","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3186946141.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3186946141.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991449768","https://openalex.org/W1998917483","https://openalex.org/W2024925667","https://openalex.org/W2043758324","https://openalex.org/W2050041778","https://openalex.org/W2055221446","https://openalex.org/W2055718260","https://openalex.org/W2074010031","https://openalex.org/W2076576187","https://openalex.org/W2085918337","https://openalex.org/W2091934234","https://openalex.org/W2108493207","https://openalex.org/W2115026818","https://openalex.org/W2117519593","https://openalex.org/W2118116484","https://openalex.org/W2120627814","https://openalex.org/W2123907688","https://openalex.org/W2127062304","https://openalex.org/W2128971683","https://openalex.org/W2130020884","https://openalex.org/W2140023211","https://openalex.org/W2144492104","https://openalex.org/W2150478416","https://openalex.org/W2155336305","https://openalex.org/W2157321686","https://openalex.org/W2165289391","https://openalex.org/W2167208453","https://openalex.org/W2334023959","https://openalex.org/W2363897803","https://openalex.org/W2513025346","https://openalex.org/W2596720050","https://openalex.org/W2605559280","https://openalex.org/W2755992512","https://openalex.org/W2763036297","https://openalex.org/W2884276099","https://openalex.org/W2945618709","https://openalex.org/W2956155605","https://openalex.org/W2973851347","https://openalex.org/W3037640242","https://openalex.org/W3099831940","https://openalex.org/W4233760599","https://openalex.org/W4385225566","https://openalex.org/W6679171944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136635809","https://openalex.org/W2018409903","https://openalex.org/W2122965290","https://openalex.org/W2051369786","https://openalex.org/W2006559622","https://openalex.org/W2365305234","https://openalex.org/W2546748626","https://openalex.org/W2132503437","https://openalex.org/W2153381734","https://openalex.org/W2050072374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,56,85,116,178,204,219],"the":[2,14,39,42,70,79,92,96,99,102,111,136,147,169,174,189,199,206,229,236,239,242,255,259,275,281,288],"high":[3],"temporal":[4],"repetition":[5],"rates,":[6],"median/low":[7],"spatial":[8],"resolution":[9],"remote":[10,148],"sensing":[11,149],"images":[12,150,164,171,201],"are":[13,75],"main":[15],"data":[16],"source":[17],"of":[18,32,67,69,95,101,138,261],"change":[19,88,122,208],"detection":[20,89,123,209],"(CD).":[21],"It":[22],"is":[23,52,196],"worth":[24],"noting":[25],"that":[26,173,232],"they":[27],"contain":[28],"a":[29,53,65,86,120,157],"large":[30],"number":[31],"mixed":[33,62],"pixels,":[34],"which":[35,83,269],"makes":[36],"adequately":[37],"capturing":[38],"details":[40],"in":[41,78,110,143],"resulting":[43],"thematic":[44,210],"map":[45],"challenging.":[46],"The":[47],"spectral":[48,132,192],"unmixing":[49,133],"(SU)":[50],"method":[51],"potential":[54],"solution":[55],"this":[57,118,144],"problem,":[58,119],"as":[59],"it":[60,233],"decomposes":[61],"pixels":[63],"into":[64,156],"set":[66],"fractions":[68],"land":[71,103,180],"covers.":[72],"However,":[73],"there":[74],"accumulated":[76],"errors":[77],"fractional":[80],"difference":[81],"images,":[82],"lead":[84],"poor":[87],"results.":[90],"Meanwhile,":[91,280],"spectra":[93],"variation":[94],"endmember":[97,191],"and":[98,128,186,198,217,246,252,267,272],"heterogeneity":[100],"cover":[104,181],"materials":[105],"cannot":[106],"be":[107,183],"fully":[108],"considered":[109],"traditional":[112],"framework.":[113,159],"In":[114,238,254],"order":[115],"solve":[117],"novel":[121],"approach":[124],"with":[125,265,287],"image":[126],"stacking":[127],"dividing":[129,168],"based":[130],"on":[131,224],"while":[134],"considering":[135],"variability":[137],"endmembers":[139,176],"(CD_SDSUVE)":[140],"was":[141,215,285],"proposed":[142,213],"paper.":[145],"Firstly,":[146],"at":[151,278],"different":[152],"times":[153],"were":[154,165,202,250,263],"stacked":[155,170],"unified":[158],"After":[160],"that,":[161],"several":[162],"patch":[163],"produced":[166],"by":[167],"so":[172],"similar":[175],"according":[177],"each":[179],"can":[182],"completely":[184],"extracted":[185],"compared.":[187],"Finally,":[188],"multiple":[190],"mixture":[193],"analysis":[194],"(MESMA)":[195],"performed,":[197],"abundant":[200],"combined":[203],"produce":[205],"entire":[207],"map.":[211],"This":[212],"algorithm":[214],"implemented":[216],"compared":[218],"four":[220],"relevant":[221],"state-of-the-art":[222],"methods":[223],"three":[225],"experimental":[226],"data,":[227,241,258],"whereby":[228],"results":[230,277],"confirmed":[231],"effectively":[234],"improved":[235],"accuracy.":[237],"simulated":[240],"overall":[243],"accuracy":[244],"(OA)":[245],"Kappa":[247,282],"coefficient":[248,283],"values":[249],"99.61%":[251],"0.99.":[253],"two":[256],"real":[257],"maximum":[260],"OA":[262],"acquired":[264],"93.26%":[266],"80.85%,":[268],"gained":[270],"14.88%":[271],"13.42%":[273],"over":[274],"worst":[276],"most.":[279],"value":[284],"consistent":[286],"OA.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2021-08-02T00:00:00"}