{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3163001647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13101939","title":"Implications of GNSS-Inferred Tropopause Altitude Associated with Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes","display_name":"Implications of GNSS-Inferred Tropopause Altitude Associated with Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3163001647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13101939","mag":"3163001647"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13101939","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13101939","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/10/1939/pdf?version=1621299824","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/10/1939/pdf?version=1621299824","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077529401","display_name":"Tao Xian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1183-5260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Xian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China","School of Earth and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057699575","display_name":"Gaopeng Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4523-0144"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134251","display_name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/03bzbv419","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667","https://openalex.org/I4210134251"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gaopeng Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Hefei 210044, China","Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China","School of Earth and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Hefei 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134251","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100461104","display_name":"Hongbo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0673-9482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152758","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0424h4e32","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152758","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101845863","display_name":"Yongping Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8219-7748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongping Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035747484","display_name":"S. L. Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4771-7653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137180","display_name":"Institute of High Energy Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/03v8tnc06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137180"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152758","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0424h4e32","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaolin Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152758","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108954206","display_name":"Qi-Bin Yi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152758","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0424h4e32","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4610292","display_name":"Xiangtan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsfaz62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137180","display_name":"Institute of High Energy Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/03v8tnc06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137180"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qibin Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Yuhu District, Xiangtan 411105, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152758","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137180"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Yuhu District, Xiangtan 411105, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090168024","display_name":"Jing Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8241-9160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023319174","display_name":"Fanchao Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8335-7480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133131","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034b53w38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133131"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanchao Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Nanjing 210000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Nanjing 210000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133131"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057699575"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I200845125","https://openalex.org/I4210134251"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.2666,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79300653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"10","first_page":"1939","last_page":"1939"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tropopause","display_name":"Tropopause","score":0.9201239943504333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troposphere","display_name":"Troposphere","score":0.7174853086471558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altitude","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","score":0.6296947598457336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thunderstorm","display_name":"Thunderstorm","score":0.6270867586135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.6134733557701111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtropics","display_name":"Subtropics","score":0.5895407199859619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5380764603614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.5331159234046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effects-of-high-altitude-on-humans","display_name":"Effects of high altitude on humans","score":0.5299407243728638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stratosphere","display_name":"Stratosphere","score":0.4453302323818207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightning","display_name":"Lightning (connector)","score":0.4246680438518524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmosphere","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","score":0.4150039553642273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.336487352848053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.19344541430473328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1652384102344513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10255151987075806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.09023621678352356}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171420983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186433","display_name":"Tropopause","level":3,"score":0.9201239943504333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9075549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40631","display_name":"Troposphere","level":2,"score":0.7174853086471558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6350597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339495","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","level":2,"score":0.6296947598457336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80316258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2857578","display_name":"Thunderstorm","level":2,"score":0.6270867586135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.6134733557701111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14168384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16305538","display_name":"Subtropics","level":2,"score":0.5895407199859619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5380764603614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.5331159234046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8240015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918226","display_name":"Effects of high altitude on humans","level":2,"score":0.5299407243728638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163861444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108376","display_name":"Stratosphere","level":2,"score":0.4453302323818207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69398868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129052","display_name":"Lightning (connector)","level":3,"score":0.4246680438518524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4150039553642273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.336487352848053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.19344541430473328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1652384102344513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10255151987075806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.09023621678352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13101939","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13101939","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/10/1939/pdf?version=1621299824","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2887b46a61f640fd944df1a1196bd9e4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2887b46a61f640fd944df1a1196bd9e4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 10, p 1939 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/10/1939/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13101939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13101939","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13101939","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/10/1939/pdf?version=1621299824","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5718134683","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42075071, U1938115, 41622501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6876548624","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFC1501501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3163001647.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3163001647.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W161044832","https://openalex.org/W190100549","https://openalex.org/W1532585617","https://openalex.org/W1561230523","https://openalex.org/W1974456005","https://openalex.org/W1984365613","https://openalex.org/W1985166832","https://openalex.org/W1998109790","https://openalex.org/W2009368513","https://openalex.org/W2014386178","https://openalex.org/W2018780455","https://openalex.org/W2024512214","https://openalex.org/W2034501757","https://openalex.org/W2045906584","https://openalex.org/W2054824638","https://openalex.org/W2068680713","https://openalex.org/W2074255580","https://openalex.org/W2100643417","https://openalex.org/W2103237152","https://openalex.org/W2105618776","https://openalex.org/W2106088053","https://openalex.org/W2123227412","https://openalex.org/W2128362256","https://openalex.org/W2132068169","https://openalex.org/W2134859255","https://openalex.org/W2135733865","https://openalex.org/W2141874360","https://openalex.org/W2147784011","https://openalex.org/W2148269512","https://openalex.org/W2155020290","https://openalex.org/W2158709126","https://openalex.org/W2165332782","https://openalex.org/W2165705634","https://openalex.org/W2171508018","https://openalex.org/W2175608312","https://openalex.org/W2318411053","https://openalex.org/W2419103435","https://openalex.org/W2532667521","https://openalex.org/W2792383046","https://openalex.org/W2894656859","https://openalex.org/W2896587298","https://openalex.org/W2908217606","https://openalex.org/W2946810850","https://openalex.org/W2981380715","https://openalex.org/W3023595488","https://openalex.org/W3045970315","https://openalex.org/W3080286463","https://openalex.org/W3090593624","https://openalex.org/W3091823157","https://openalex.org/W3101893543","https://openalex.org/W3104780861","https://openalex.org/W3132307606","https://openalex.org/W3148477440","https://openalex.org/W6754677119"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977336325","https://openalex.org/W4281784265","https://openalex.org/W2014479891","https://openalex.org/W2041513311","https://openalex.org/W4235006770","https://openalex.org/W2047538993","https://openalex.org/W2156681478","https://openalex.org/W2047514174","https://openalex.org/W2078310276","https://openalex.org/W2124060384"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,34,45,92,128],"thermal":[1,121],"structure":[2,122],"of":[3,37,72,85],"the":[4,16,53,61,73,81,99,111,120,124,136,146],"environmental":[5],"atmosphere":[6],"associated":[7],"with":[8,15],"Terrestrial":[9],"Gamma-ray":[10],"Flashes":[11],"(TGFs)":[12],"is":[13,56,67,114],"investigated":[14],"combined":[17],"observations":[18],"from":[19],"several":[20],"detectors":[21],"(FERMI,":[22],"RHESSI,":[23],"and":[24,26,32,41,52,101,105,138,141],"Insight-HXMT)":[25],"GNSS-RO":[27],"(SAC-C,":[28],"COSMIC,":[29],"GRACE,":[30],"TerraSAR-X,":[31],"MetOp-A).":[33],"geographic":[35],"distributions":[36],"TGF-related":[38,47,74],"tropopause":[39,48,75,107],"altitude":[40,49],"climatology":[42],"are":[43,77,96],"similar.":[44],"regional":[46],"in":[50,65,98,119,135,150],"Africa":[51],"Caribbean":[54],"Sea":[55],"0.1\u20130.4":[57],"km":[58,69],"lower":[59],"than":[60,80,110,145],"climatology,":[62,82],"whereas":[63],"that":[64],"Asia":[66],"0.1\u20130.2":[68],"higher.":[70],"Most":[71],"altitudes":[76],"slightly":[78,89],"higher":[79,106],"while":[83],"some":[84],"them":[86],"have":[87,102,131,142],"a":[88,103,132],"negative":[90],"bias.":[91],"subtropical":[93],"TGF-producing":[94,126,129],"thunderstorms":[95,130],"warmer":[97],"troposphere":[100,140],"colder":[104],"over":[108],"land":[109],"ocean.":[112],"There":[113],"no":[115],"significant":[116],"land\u2013ocean":[117],"difference":[118],"for":[123],"tropical":[125],"thunderstorms.":[127],"cold":[133],"anomaly":[134],"middle":[137],"upper":[139],"stronger":[143],"anomalies":[144],"deep":[147],"convection":[148],"found":[149],"previous":[151],"studies.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
