{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3156197534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081452","title":"Deep Learning Based Sea Ice Classification with Gaofen-3 Fully Polarimetric SAR Data","display_name":"Deep Learning Based Sea Ice Classification with Gaofen-3 Fully Polarimetric SAR Data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3156197534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081452","mag":"3156197534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13081452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081452","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1452/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1452/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036674254","display_name":"Tianyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9155-5719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136324864","display_name":"Polar Research Institute of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027fn9x30","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136324864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106122","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)","ror":"https://ror.org/00y7mag53","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012567","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","ror":"https://ror.org/03swgqh13","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-Sen University &amp; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","University Corporation for Polar Research, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-Sen University &amp; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122","https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Corporation for Polar Research, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136324864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059657382","display_name":"Ying Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4287-8420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136324864","display_name":"Polar Research Institute of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027fn9x30","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136324864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106122","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)","ror":"https://ror.org/00y7mag53","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012567","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","ror":"https://ror.org/03swgqh13","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-Sen University &amp; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","University Corporation for Polar Research, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-Sen University &amp; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122","https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Corporation for Polar Research, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136324864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108528742","display_name":"Mohammed Shokr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342547582","display_name":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/026ny0e17","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Shokr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON M3H5T4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON M3H5T4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021282822","display_name":"Chunlei Mi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunlei Mi","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452106","display_name":"Xiao\u2010Ming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-5413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao-Ming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hainan Key Laboratory of Earth Observation, Sanya 572029, China","Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Earth Observation, Sanya 572029, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068881246","display_name":"Xiao Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6910-6565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136324864","display_name":"Polar Research Institute of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027fn9x30","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136324864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106122","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)","ror":"https://ror.org/00y7mag53","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012567","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","ror":"https://ror.org/03swgqh13","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-Sen University &amp; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China","University Corporation for Polar Research, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-Sen University &amp; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122","https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Corporation for Polar Research, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136324864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014556604","display_name":"Fengming Hui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2478-8766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136324864","display_name":"Polar Research Institute of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027fn9x30","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136324864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106122","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)","ror":"https://ror.org/00y7mag53","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012567","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","ror":"https://ror.org/03swgqh13","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fengming Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-Sen University &amp; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China","University Corporation for Polar Research, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-Sen University &amp; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122","https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Corporation for Polar Research, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136324864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014556604"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136324864","https://openalex.org/I4210106122","https://openalex.org/I4391012567"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.9568,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96119034,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"8","first_page":"1452","last_page":"1452"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice","display_name":"Sea ice","score":0.7478442192077637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5764343738555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.551500141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5400989055633545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic","display_name":"Arctic","score":0.5259212255477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"Polarimetry","score":0.5032739043235779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.4923785924911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.4499356746673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic-ice-pack","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","score":0.42799174785614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3937760591506958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.22150668501853943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.20441246032714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1175471842288971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10350710153579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.10074979066848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.09695133566856384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.08290523290634155}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.7478442192077637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5764343738555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.551500141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5400989055633545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.5259212255477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.5032739043235779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.4923785924911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4499356746673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161798024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3651008","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","level":3,"score":0.42799174785614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3937760591506958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22150668501853943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.20441246032714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1175471842288971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10350710153579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.10074979066848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.09695133566856384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.08290523290634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13081452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081452","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1452/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:307cbae3fab84835ba0149481b4dfaa6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/307cbae3fab84835ba0149481b4dfaa6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 8, p 1452 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/8/1452/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13081452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 8; Pages: 1452","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13081452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081452","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1452/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.5}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1886847471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC1407100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3160765791","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41976214","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4317978611","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321160","funder_display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321160","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3156197534.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3156197534.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1605282505","https://openalex.org/W1948827418","https://openalex.org/W1966659097","https://openalex.org/W1970258703","https://openalex.org/W1983162476","https://openalex.org/W2058249577","https://openalex.org/W2060423551","https://openalex.org/W2065040528","https://openalex.org/W2077392666","https://openalex.org/W2096373585","https://openalex.org/W2098454176","https://openalex.org/W2100235001","https://openalex.org/W2114828048","https://openalex.org/W2115367256","https://openalex.org/W2117438495","https://openalex.org/W2127522643","https://openalex.org/W2136895938","https://openalex.org/W2138421582","https://openalex.org/W2138973222","https://openalex.org/W2149234741","https://openalex.org/W2151477007","https://openalex.org/W2152912520","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2154060509","https://openalex.org/W2156696861","https://openalex.org/W2162181979","https://openalex.org/W2169320207","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2291137262","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2313602352","https://openalex.org/W2322116651","https://openalex.org/W2412588858","https://openalex.org/W2483236932","https://openalex.org/W2618320139","https://openalex.org/W2751462701","https://openalex.org/W2752735124","https://openalex.org/W2770064762","https://openalex.org/W2785530160","https://openalex.org/W2791829678","https://openalex.org/W2792975162","https://openalex.org/W2793141496","https://openalex.org/W2805051976","https://openalex.org/W2887307371","https://openalex.org/W2891905436","https://openalex.org/W2902998575","https://openalex.org/W2912523934","https://openalex.org/W2919011445","https://openalex.org/W2927611741","https://openalex.org/W2951503817","https://openalex.org/W3040545559","https://openalex.org/W3063084726","https://openalex.org/W3089849822","https://openalex.org/W3103490405","https://openalex.org/W3123403341","https://openalex.org/W3126022144","https://openalex.org/W3158745921","https://openalex.org/W4241264865","https://openalex.org/W4249666408","https://openalex.org/W6680677837"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2469797871","https://openalex.org/W2872940795","https://openalex.org/W2902407688","https://openalex.org/W79015229","https://openalex.org/W336147707","https://openalex.org/W4235710270","https://openalex.org/W1485089148","https://openalex.org/W2141422941","https://openalex.org/W2245507316","https://openalex.org/W2034491774"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,46],"this":[1,47,306],"paper,":[2],"the":[3,41,80,90,96,115,127,139,147,177,217,219,242,247,257,263,267,270,294,299,303,312,318,345],"performance":[4,119],"of":[5,35,107,120,146,186,241,256,269,283,305],"C-band":[6],"synthetic":[7],"aperture":[8],"radar":[9],"(SAR)":[10],"Gaofen-3":[11],"(GF-3)":[12],"quad-polarization":[13],"Stripmap":[14],"(QPS)":[15],"data":[16,38,129,215,261,333],"is":[17,30,291,309],"assessed":[18,237],"for":[19,84,197,206,228,325],"classifying":[20],"late":[21],"spring":[22],"and":[23,57,101,161,169,173,181,188,199,211,226,231,266,286],"summer":[24],"sea":[25,69,243,326,341],"ice":[26,50,53,70,244,327,342],"types.":[27],"The":[28,118,133,151,184,234,254,329],"investigation":[29],"based":[31,65],"on":[32,66],"18":[33],"scenes":[34],"GF-3":[36,330],"QPS":[37,128,331],"acquired":[39],"in":[40,44,158,246,298,338],"Arctic":[42],"Ocean":[43],"2017.":[45],"study,":[48,307],"floe":[49],"(FI),":[51],"brash":[52],"(BI)":[54],"between":[55],"floes":[56,343],"open":[58],"water":[59],"(OW,":[60],"ice-free":[61],"area)":[62],"were":[63],"classified":[64],"a":[67,155,165,193,203,250,278],"mini":[68],"residual":[71],"convolutional":[72],"network,":[73],"which":[74],"we":[75,86],"call":[76],"MSI-ResNet.":[77],"While":[78],"investigating":[79],"optimal":[81],"patch":[82,91,105],"size":[83,92,106],"MSI-ResNet,":[85],"found":[87,112,275],"that,":[88],"as":[89,149,216],"continues":[93],"to":[94,113,223,260,276,293],"grow,":[95],"classification":[97,121,295],"accuracy":[98,168,221,235,281,296],"first":[99],"increases":[100],"then":[102],"decreases.":[103],"A":[104],"31":[108,110],"\u00d7":[109],"was":[111,130,236,274],"achieve":[114,277],"best":[116],"performance.":[117],"using":[122,249],"different":[123],"polarization":[124,136,153,179,214],"combinations":[125],"from":[126],"also":[131,334],"assessed.":[132],"vertical-vertical":[134],"(VV)":[135],"input":[137],"overestimates":[138],"FI":[140],"category":[141],"while":[142],"incorrectly":[143],"identifying":[144],"most":[145],"BI":[148,198],"FI.":[150,207],"VH":[152],"produces":[154],"synchronous":[156],"improvement":[157,196],"FI,":[159,229],"BI,":[160,230],"OW":[162,200],"discrimination,":[163],"with":[164,202],"higher":[166],"overall":[167,280],"kappa":[170],"coefficient":[171],"(91.09%":[172],"0.85,":[174],"respectively)":[175],"than":[176,317,344],"VV":[178,187],"(83.37%":[180],"0.70,":[182],"respectively).":[183],"combination":[185],"vertical-horizontal":[189],"(VH)":[190],"polarizations":[191],"presents":[192],"modest":[194],"precision":[195],"together":[201],"slight":[204],"overestimation":[205],"With":[208],"VV,":[209],"VH,":[210],"horizontal-horizontal":[212],"(HH)":[213],"inputs,":[218],"user\u2019s":[220],"improves":[222],"95.12%,":[224],"93.42%,":[225],"95.17%":[227],"OW,":[232],"respectively.":[233,289],"against":[238],"visual":[239],"interpretation":[240],"classes":[245],"images":[248],"stratified":[251],"sampling":[252],"method.":[253],"application":[255],"MSI-ResNet":[258,313],"method":[259,314],"covering":[262],"Beaufort":[264],"Sea":[265],"north":[268],"Severnaya":[271],"Zemlya":[272],"archipelago":[273],"high":[279],"(kappa)":[282],"94.62%":[284],"(\u00b10.92)":[285],"94.23%":[287],"(\u00b10.90),":[288],"This":[290],"similar":[292],"obtained":[297],"Fram":[300],"Strait.":[301],"From":[302],"results":[304],"it":[308],"shown":[310],"that":[311],"performs":[315],"better":[316],"classical":[319],"support":[320],"vector":[321],"machine":[322],"(SVM)":[323],"classifier":[324],"discrimination.":[328],"mode":[332,352],"show":[335],"more":[336],"details":[337],"discriminating":[339],"scattered":[340],"coincident":[346],"Sentinel-1A":[347],"Extra":[348],"Wide":[349],"(EW)":[350],"swath":[351],"data.":[353]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
