{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135339134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050909","title":"Semi-Supervised Learning for Seismic Impedance Inversion Using Generative Adversarial Networks","display_name":"Semi-Supervised Learning for Seismic Impedance Inversion Using Generative Adversarial Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135339134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050909","mag":"3135339134"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13050909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050909","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/5/909/pdf?version=1614844736","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/5/909/pdf?version=1614844736","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005327204","display_name":"Bangyu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9998-9071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bangyu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China","School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088842835","display_name":"Delin Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8890-9897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Delin Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China","School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086519418","display_name":"Haixia Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0120-246X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haixia Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China","School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086519418"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":12.4789,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99570547,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"909","last_page":"909"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10892","display_name":"Drilling and Well Engineering","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10635","display_name":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inversion","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","score":0.7358843088150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.7357959151268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7338484525680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5466776490211487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47047096490859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.4659961462020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4369000494480133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismic-inversion","display_name":"Seismic inversion","score":0.4280237555503845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3599250912666321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.35217395424842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.26689767837524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.1590474545955658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-assimilation","display_name":"Data assimilation","score":0.11373060941696167}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.7358843088150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.7357959151268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7338484525680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5466776490211487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47047096490859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.4659961462020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4369000494480133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39267094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7446968","display_name":"Seismic inversion","level":3,"score":0.4280237555503845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3599250912666321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.35217395424842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.26689767837524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.1590474545955658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24552861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670177","display_name":"Data assimilation","level":2,"score":0.11373060941696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77928131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193343","display_name":"Tectonics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13050909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050909","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/5/909/pdf?version=1614844736","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:856297085f184f7e8426f77a45af28a3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/856297085f184f7e8426f77a45af28a3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 5, p 909 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/5/909/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13050909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 5; Pages: 909","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13050909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050909","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/5/909/pdf?version=1614844736","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G139359376","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"xjj2018260","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2755695537","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41974132, 41504091","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G411589643","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41504091","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4898447687","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41974132","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6862040984","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"xjj2018260 and xjh012019030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7033253288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grants","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7533119280","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41974132, 41504091 and 41974122","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8208342437","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1 and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8808957333","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41974122","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8951484681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135339134.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135339134.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1830302554","https://openalex.org/W1971971422","https://openalex.org/W2073581972","https://openalex.org/W2081710957","https://openalex.org/W2082667383","https://openalex.org/W2100245965","https://openalex.org/W2286929393","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2789672950","https://openalex.org/W2891890374","https://openalex.org/W2894410771","https://openalex.org/W2902216690","https://openalex.org/W2915004230","https://openalex.org/W2951523806","https://openalex.org/W2953182346","https://openalex.org/W2966977996","https://openalex.org/W2967394486","https://openalex.org/W2967661818","https://openalex.org/W2968094316","https://openalex.org/W2968379179","https://openalex.org/W2968528446","https://openalex.org/W2969839555","https://openalex.org/W2970638092","https://openalex.org/W2974522941","https://openalex.org/W2999581854","https://openalex.org/W3005407459","https://openalex.org/W3014029212","https://openalex.org/W3043128058","https://openalex.org/W3082199161","https://openalex.org/W3090121746","https://openalex.org/W3090517003","https://openalex.org/W3090944214","https://openalex.org/W3091325523","https://openalex.org/W3091520774","https://openalex.org/W3098108457","https://openalex.org/W3099006605","https://openalex.org/W3102406053","https://openalex.org/W3106968260","https://openalex.org/W3107905215","https://openalex.org/W3126514463","https://openalex.org/W6735913928","https://openalex.org/W6779669310"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027690137","https://openalex.org/W2471474995","https://openalex.org/W2394411732","https://openalex.org/W2349368632","https://openalex.org/W4378230661","https://openalex.org/W2077263083","https://openalex.org/W2374132258","https://openalex.org/W2356317760","https://openalex.org/W2351412542","https://openalex.org/W2943397648"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Seismic":[0],"impedance":[1,113,170],"inversion":[2,60,73],"is":[3,18],"essential":[4],"to":[5,23,57,71,160,177],"characterize":[6],"hydrocarbon":[7],"reservoir":[8],"and":[9,20,31,47,124,133,140,154,183],"detect":[10],"fluids":[11],"in":[12,92],"field":[13,156],"of":[14,85,130,164,180,194],"geophysics.":[15],"However,":[16],"it":[17,34],"nonlinear":[19],"ill-posed":[21],"due":[22,176],"unknown":[24],"seismic":[25],"wavelet,":[26],"observed":[27],"data":[28,46,88,144,157],"band":[29],"limitation":[30],"noise,":[32],"but":[33,75],"also":[35],"requires":[36],"a":[37,101,120,122,125,155],"forward":[38,126,147],"operator":[39],"that":[40,169,193],"characterizes":[41],"physical":[42],"relation":[43],"between":[44],"measured":[45],"model":[48],"parameters.":[49],"Deep":[50],"learning":[51,103,197],"methods":[52],"have":[53],"been":[54],"successfully":[55],"applied":[56],"solve":[58],"geophysical":[59],"problems":[61],"recently.":[62],"It":[63],"can":[64],"obtain":[65],"results":[66],"with":[67,189],"higher":[68],"resolution":[69],"compared":[70],"traditional":[72],"methods,":[74],"its":[76],"performance":[77,163],"often":[78],"not":[79],"fully":[80],"explored":[81],"for":[82,111],"the":[83,131,146,162,173],"lack":[84],"adequate":[86],"labeled":[87,182],"(i.e.,":[89],"well":[90,138],"logs)":[91],"training":[93,129],"process.":[94],"To":[95],"alleviate":[96],"this":[97],"problem,":[98],"we":[99],"propose":[100],"semi-supervised":[102],"workflow":[104,116],"based":[105],"on":[106],"generative":[107],"adversarial":[108],"network":[109],"(GAN)":[110],"acoustic":[112],"inversion.":[114],"The":[115,128,149],"contains":[117],"three":[118],"networks:":[119],"generator,":[121],"discriminator":[123,134],"model.":[127,148],"generator":[132],"are":[135,158,186],"guided":[136],"by":[137,142,172],"logs":[139],"constrained":[141],"unlabeled":[143,184],"via":[145],"benchmark":[150],"models":[151],"Marmousi2,":[152],"SEAM":[153],"used":[159],"demonstrate":[161],"our":[165],"method.":[166],"Results":[167],"show":[168],"predicted":[171],"presented":[174],"method,":[175],"making":[178],"use":[179],"both":[181],"data,":[185],"better":[187],"consistent":[188],"ground":[190],"truth":[191],"than":[192],"conventional":[195],"deep":[196],"methods.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
