{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3118966154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13020179","title":"Investigating Ground Subsidence and the Causes over the Whole Jiangsu Province, China Using Sentinel-1 SAR Data","display_name":"Investigating Ground Subsidence and the Causes over the Whole Jiangsu Province, China Using Sentinel-1 SAR Data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3118966154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13020179","mag":"3118966154"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13020179","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13020179","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/2/179/pdf?version=1609997304","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/2/179/pdf?version=1609997304","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077369098","display_name":"Yonghong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3011-3113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yonghong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100036, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100709665","display_name":"Hongan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-5654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100036, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088700055","display_name":"Mingju Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4688-9007"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingju Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Provincial Geomatics Center of Jiangsu, Nanjing 210013, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Provincial Geomatics Center of Jiangsu, Nanjing 210013, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112174053","display_name":"Yonghui Kang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghui Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100036, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010436195","display_name":"Zhong Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178169726","display_name":"Southern Methodist University","ror":"https://ror.org/042tdr378","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhong Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Roy M. Huffington Department of Earth Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75205, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Roy M. Huffington Department of Earth Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75205, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077369098"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":6.7994,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96141278,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"179","last_page":"179"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12543","display_name":"Groundwater and Watershed Analysis","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.8152786493301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5998088717460632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subsidence","display_name":"Subsidence","score":0.5797624588012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-reclamation","display_name":"Land reclamation","score":0.5528469085693359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5271346569061279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5174058675765991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-subsidence","display_name":"Ground subsidence","score":0.5058157444000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.40344154834747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mining-engineering","display_name":"Mining engineering","score":0.21222564578056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.16897720098495483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1625646948814392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-basin","display_name":"Structural basin","score":0.12353411316871643}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.8152786493301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5998088717460632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180851071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849953","display_name":"Subsidence","level":3,"score":0.5797624588012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61661205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130322","display_name":"Land reclamation","level":2,"score":0.5528469085693359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5271346569061279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5174058675765991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993341571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849953","display_name":"Ground subsidence","level":2,"score":0.5058157444000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.40344154834747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16674752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370637","display_name":"Mining engineering","level":1,"score":0.21222564578056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.16897720098495483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1625646948814392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.12353411316871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13020179","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13020179","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/2/179/pdf?version=1609997304","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:71bf759d695a437598a222507b661558","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/71bf759d695a437598a222507b661558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 2, p 179 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/2/179/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13020179","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 2; Pages: 179","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13020179","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13020179","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/2/179/pdf?version=1609997304","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1692359407","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFE0107100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4074517844","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41874014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3118966154.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3118966154.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974249586","https://openalex.org/W1981682330","https://openalex.org/W2047029664","https://openalex.org/W2077927287","https://openalex.org/W2081431178","https://openalex.org/W2099008772","https://openalex.org/W2101510452","https://openalex.org/W2117902710","https://openalex.org/W2128581964","https://openalex.org/W2152657318","https://openalex.org/W2156606791","https://openalex.org/W2174009612","https://openalex.org/W2178500135","https://openalex.org/W2409095931","https://openalex.org/W2510449154","https://openalex.org/W2530434200","https://openalex.org/W2611997817","https://openalex.org/W2744351284","https://openalex.org/W2747354639","https://openalex.org/W2792509383","https://openalex.org/W2795788221","https://openalex.org/W2898915332","https://openalex.org/W2910548599","https://openalex.org/W2921391597","https://openalex.org/W2946295604","https://openalex.org/W6743083404"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3206958763","https://openalex.org/W2159160885","https://openalex.org/W2127359929","https://openalex.org/W2106362095","https://openalex.org/W2366559259","https://openalex.org/W2058425271","https://openalex.org/W2146654877","https://openalex.org/W2137964983","https://openalex.org/W4382519825","https://openalex.org/W2369456329"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Interferometric":[0,69],"synthetic":[1],"aperture":[2],"radar":[3],"(InSAR)":[4],"mapping":[5,216],"of":[6,61,73,103,107,118,121,151,157,163,193,212,228,234],"localized":[7],"ground":[8,49,80,217],"surface":[9,23],"deformation":[10,24,218],"has":[11],"become":[12],"an":[13,155],"important":[14],"tool":[15],"to":[16,78,202],"manage":[17],"subsidence-related":[18],"geohazards.":[19],"However,":[20],"monitoring":[21],"land":[22],"using":[25,64],"InSAR":[26],"at":[27],"high":[28],"spatial":[29],"resolution":[30],"over":[31,54,82,137,219],"a":[32,37,45],"large":[33],"region":[34,227],"is":[35],"still":[36],"formidable":[38],"task.":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41],"paper,":[42],"we":[43],"report":[44],"research":[46,206],"on":[47,98,169],"investigating":[48],"subsidence":[50,81,109,113,126,161,171,185],"and":[51,112,116,125,176,196,224],"the":[52,55,83,87,99,138,147,164,183,210,232],"causes":[53,162],"entire":[56],"107,":[57],"200":[58],"km2":[59],"province":[60,85,153,165],"Jiangsu,":[62],"China,":[63,229],"time-series":[65],"InSAR.":[66],"The":[67,123],"Sentinel-1":[68],"Wide-swath":[70],"(IW)":[71],"images":[72],"6":[74],"frames":[75,120],"are":[76,129,166],"used":[77],"map":[79,150],"whole":[84],"for":[86,131,182],"period":[88],"2016\u20132018.":[89],"We":[90],"present":[91],"processing":[92],"methodology":[93],"in":[94,145,215,222],"detail,":[95],"with":[96],"emphasis":[97],"three-level":[100],"co-registration":[101],"scheme":[102],"S-1":[104,213],"data,":[105],"retrieval":[106],"mean":[108],"velocity":[110],"(MSV)":[111],"time":[114,127],"series,":[115],"mosaicking":[117],"multiple":[119],"results.":[122,240],"MSV":[124,149],"series":[128],"generated":[130],"9,276,214":[132],"selected":[133],"coherent":[134],"pixels":[135],"(CPs)":[136],"Jiangsu":[139,152],"territory.":[140],"Using":[141],"688":[142],"leveling":[143],"measurements":[144],"evaluation,":[146],"derived":[148],"shows":[154],"accuracy":[156],"3.9":[158],"mm/year.":[159],"Moreover,":[160],"analyzed":[167],"based":[168],"InSAR-derived":[170,239],"characteristics,":[172],"historical":[173],"optical":[174],"images,":[175],"field-work":[177],"findings.":[178],"Main":[179],"factors":[180],"accounting":[181],"observed":[184],"include:":[186],"underground":[187],"mining,":[188],"groundwater":[189],"withdrawal,":[190],"soil":[191],"consolidations":[192],"marine":[194],"reclamation,":[195],"land-use":[197],"transition":[198],"from":[199,238],"agricultural":[200],"(paddy)":[201],"industrial":[203],"land.":[204],"This":[205],"demonstrates":[207],"not":[208],"only":[209],"capability":[211],"data":[214],"wide":[220],"areas":[221],"coastal":[223],"heavily":[225],"vegetated":[226],"but":[230],"also":[231],"potential":[233],"inferring":[235],"valuable":[236],"knowledge":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2021-01-18T00:00:00"}