{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2990106014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232772","title":"Multispectral Image Segmentation Based on a Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm Combined with Tsallis Entropy and a Gaussian Mixture Model","display_name":"Multispectral Image Segmentation Based on a Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm Combined with Tsallis Entropy and a Gaussian Mixture Model","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2990106014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232772","mag":"2990106014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11232772","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232772","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/23/2772/pdf?version=1574677051","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/23/2772/pdf?version=1574677051","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058967239","display_name":"Yan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5155-5602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029924052","display_name":"Ruizhi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6683-2342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruizhi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100711791","display_name":"Yu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3955-189X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176808543","display_name":"Liaoning Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01n2bd587","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Application, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Application, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100364167","display_name":"Peng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7257-6186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051567462","display_name":"Jie Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6580-9287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010054986","display_name":"Xuemei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0996-3538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuemei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101658659","display_name":"Mengyun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0296-5933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengyun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039108855","display_name":"Dewen Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-612X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dewen Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029924052"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.6317,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86599285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"23","first_page":"2772","last_page":"2772"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9684000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6391738653182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.6202357411384583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.599676787853241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.5937661528587341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5263796448707581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5087438225746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5069392323493958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-clustering","display_name":"Fuzzy clustering","score":0.4749748110771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.4404229521751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4319073259830475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-space-segmentation","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","score":0.42860472202301025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.42167600989341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4140131175518036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.39874523878097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.3753443956375122}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6391738653182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.6202357411384583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.599676787853241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.5937661528587341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5263796448707581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5087438225746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5069392323493958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17212007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5511111","display_name":"Fuzzy clustering","level":3,"score":0.4749748110771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.4404229521751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4319073259830475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.42860472202301025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.42167600989341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4140131175518036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39874523878097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.3753443956375122}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11232772","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232772","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/23/2772/pdf?version=1574677051","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/23/2772/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11232772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 23; Pages: 2772","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11232772","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232772","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/23/2772/pdf?version=1574677051","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2969773877","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0502200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3438858774","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91638203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3704766468","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B0502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5848258319","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0 and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7128558327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0502201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8114646031","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016Y","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G998206653","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0502201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2990106014.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2990106014.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107813626","https://openalex.org/W112259172","https://openalex.org/W986100872","https://openalex.org/W1574113434","https://openalex.org/W1819189662","https://openalex.org/W1875624538","https://openalex.org/W1879447438","https://openalex.org/W1966904454","https://openalex.org/W1978627835","https://openalex.org/W1983874169","https://openalex.org/W1989021088","https://openalex.org/W1995450389","https://openalex.org/W1997805537","https://openalex.org/W2003128786","https://openalex.org/W2015790018","https://openalex.org/W2029064186","https://openalex.org/W2032793676","https://openalex.org/W2035542005","https://openalex.org/W2036053583","https://openalex.org/W2067943751","https://openalex.org/W2070424424","https://openalex.org/W2081764024","https://openalex.org/W2087211234","https://openalex.org/W2109820980","https://openalex.org/W2113076747","https://openalex.org/W2125297725","https://openalex.org/W2133098545","https://openalex.org/W2139377411","https://openalex.org/W2152334724","https://openalex.org/W2155041554","https://openalex.org/W2163701518","https://openalex.org/W2171783278","https://openalex.org/W2183915566","https://openalex.org/W2278532921","https://openalex.org/W2294596470","https://openalex.org/W2363629076","https://openalex.org/W2397789108","https://openalex.org/W2559461457","https://openalex.org/W2592474909","https://openalex.org/W2602881340","https://openalex.org/W2621380191","https://openalex.org/W2767926623","https://openalex.org/W2773089209","https://openalex.org/W2783509657","https://openalex.org/W2791987401","https://openalex.org/W2801024427","https://openalex.org/W2804104540","https://openalex.org/W2809682588","https://openalex.org/W2888373267","https://openalex.org/W2898471460","https://openalex.org/W2912565176","https://openalex.org/W2921647730","https://openalex.org/W3099744538","https://openalex.org/W3104170010","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W6604510902","https://openalex.org/W6638725270","https://openalex.org/W6679475933","https://openalex.org/W6680928955","https://openalex.org/W6686513095"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318664220","https://openalex.org/W2771047279","https://openalex.org/W62810557","https://openalex.org/W4388409104","https://openalex.org/W1544811710","https://openalex.org/W1511643196","https://openalex.org/W2124951708","https://openalex.org/W172072032","https://openalex.org/W2906564031","https://openalex.org/W2955958993"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"multispectral":[1,17,55,144,218],"image":[2,56,219],"segmentation":[3,57,133,139],"is":[4,106,116,128],"essential":[5],"in":[6,217],"remote":[7],"sensing":[8],"research.":[9],"Traditional":[10],"fuzzy":[11,61,76,83],"clustering":[12,62],"algorithms":[13,155],"used":[14,117,129,210],"to":[15,43,108,130],"segment":[16,189],"images":[18,145,191],"have":[19],"several":[20],"disadvantages,":[21],"including:":[22],"(1)":[23],"they":[24,40],"usually":[25],"only":[26],"consider":[27],"the":[28,34,65,75,91,95,121,132,137,149,172,177,181,206],"pixels\u2019":[29],"grayscale":[30],"information":[31],"and":[32,45,68,86,142,152,185,187,214],"ignore":[33],"interaction":[35],"between":[36],"pixels;":[37],"and,":[38],"(2)":[39],"are":[41],"sensitive":[42],"noise":[44,184],"outliers.":[46],"To":[47,135],"overcome":[48],"these":[49],"constraints,":[50],"this":[51],"study":[52,169],"proposes":[53],"a":[54,212],"algorithm":[58,73,151,174,207],"based":[59],"on":[60],"combined":[63],"with":[64,192,197,224],"Tsallis":[66,77,159],"entropy":[67,78],"Gaussian":[69,96,122,164],"mixture":[70],"model.":[71,134],"The":[72,100,124,168],"uses":[74],"as":[79,118,211],"regularization":[80],"item":[81],"for":[82,156,222],"C-means":[84,161,166],"(FCM)":[85],"improves":[87],"dissimilarity":[88],"measure":[89],"using":[90,148],"negative":[92],"logarithm":[93],"of":[94,112,120,183,201],"Mixture":[97],"Model":[98],"(GMM).":[99],"Hidden":[101],"Markov":[102],"Random":[103],"Field":[104],"(HMRF)":[105],"introduced":[107],"define":[109],"prior":[110],"probability":[111],"neighborhood":[113],"relationship,":[114],"which":[115],"weights":[119],"components.":[123],"Lagrange":[125],"multiplier":[126],"method":[127],"solve":[131],"evaluate":[136],"proposed":[138,150],"algorithm,":[140],"simulated":[141,190],"real":[143],"were":[146],"segmented":[147],"two":[153],"other":[154],"comparison":[157],"(i.e.,":[158],"Fuzzy":[160,165],"(TFCM),":[162],"Kullback\u2013Leibler":[163],"(KLG-FCM)).":[167],"found":[170],"that":[171],"modified":[173],"can":[175,208],"accelerate":[176],"convergence":[178],"speed,":[179],"reduce":[180],"effect":[182],"outliers,":[186],"accurately":[188],"small":[193,225],"gray":[194],"level":[195],"differences":[196],"an":[198],"overall":[199],"accuracy":[200],"more":[202],"than":[203],"98.2%.":[204],"Therefore,":[205],"be":[209],"feasible":[213],"effective":[215],"alternative":[216],"segmentation,":[220],"particularly":[221],"those":[223],"color":[226],"differences.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00"}
