{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2990453078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11222719","title":"Urban Land Use and Land Cover Classification Using Multisource Remote Sensing Images and Social Media Data","display_name":"Urban Land Use and Land Cover Classification Using Multisource Remote Sensing Images and Social Media Data","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2990453078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11222719","mag":"2990453078"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11222719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11222719","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/22/2719/pdf?version=1574246317","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/22/2719/pdf?version=1574246317","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102928440","display_name":"Yan Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7034-877X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091186540","display_name":"Zhixin Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2201-4636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhixin Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100397139","display_name":"Xiaoping Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-4233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoping Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101895596","display_name":"Ning Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8825-8799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7726996","display_name":"Henan University of Economic and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/000jtc944","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7726996"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resources and Environment, Academician Laboratory for Urban and Rural Spatial Data Mining of Henan Province, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources and Environment, Academician Laboratory for Urban and Rural Spatial Data Mining of Henan Province, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7726996"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100323504","display_name":"Hui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8814-226X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091186540"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.2824,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92187605,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"22","first_page":"2719","last_page":"2719"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6723289489746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.6294674873352051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohens-kappa","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","score":0.4662885367870331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.464089572429657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4364803731441498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.42739230394363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.35051995515823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3409011960029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22845792770385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.17429879307746887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.081968754529953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6723289489746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.6294674873352051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163864269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107106","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","level":2,"score":0.4662885367870331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.464089572429657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4364803731441498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.42739230394363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.35051995515823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3409011960029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22845792770385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.17429879307746887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.081968754529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11222719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11222719","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/22/2719/pdf?version=1574246317","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8783bd320c9248528b4940a980f3e2b7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8783bd320c9248528b4940a980f3e2b7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 22, p 2719 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/22/2719/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11222719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 22; Pages: 2719","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11222719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11222719","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/22/2719/pdf?version=1574246317","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8993549786","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41601445","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2990453078.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2990453078.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597511597","https://openalex.org/W1964070245","https://openalex.org/W1964552943","https://openalex.org/W1987433719","https://openalex.org/W2008469107","https://openalex.org/W2010364553","https://openalex.org/W2010797227","https://openalex.org/W2012867990","https://openalex.org/W2014555541","https://openalex.org/W2039502089","https://openalex.org/W2046113982","https://openalex.org/W2049473433","https://openalex.org/W2054287369","https://openalex.org/W2075352423","https://openalex.org/W2082874195","https://openalex.org/W2087729181","https://openalex.org/W2088699575","https://openalex.org/W2091230924","https://openalex.org/W2096958294","https://openalex.org/W2104316689","https://openalex.org/W2104865430","https://openalex.org/W2126446395","https://openalex.org/W2132685580","https://openalex.org/W2148115499","https://openalex.org/W2153820558","https://openalex.org/W2155632266","https://openalex.org/W2157154835","https://openalex.org/W2157927590","https://openalex.org/W2170192137","https://openalex.org/W2189488739","https://openalex.org/W2276327097","https://openalex.org/W2295950794","https://openalex.org/W2465856436","https://openalex.org/W2566415567","https://openalex.org/W2589085805","https://openalex.org/W2613571842","https://openalex.org/W2766529052","https://openalex.org/W2767959320","https://openalex.org/W2772815802","https://openalex.org/W2793327769","https://openalex.org/W4249850299","https://openalex.org/W6653318006","https://openalex.org/W6673560942","https://openalex.org/W6687463185","https://openalex.org/W6719187065"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2442738406","https://openalex.org/W1537861260","https://openalex.org/W4390240101","https://openalex.org/W4377014260","https://openalex.org/W4245827621","https://openalex.org/W3133615129","https://openalex.org/W2087854757","https://openalex.org/W2188959887","https://openalex.org/W2541496036","https://openalex.org/W2373152553"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Land":[0,112],"use":[1,28],"and":[2,8,29,89,117,142,165,177,188,200,205,213,220,287,301,306,324],"land":[3,20,27,247],"cover":[4,21],"(LULC)":[5],"are":[6,16,67],"diverse":[7],"complex":[9],"in":[10,73,93,145],"urban":[11,26,94,159,235,281,321],"areas.":[12],"Remotely":[13],"sensed":[14],"images":[15,88,100,199],"commonly":[17],"used":[18,181],"for":[19,182,234,242],"classification":[22,237,267,317],"but":[23],"hardly":[24],"identifies":[25],"functional":[30],"areas":[31],"because":[32,238],"of":[33,40,83,129,134,195,246,251,268,309,319],"the":[34,81,130,193,218,225,243,266,280,290,295,304,312,316],"semantic":[35,61],"gap":[36],"(i.e.,":[37],"different":[38,75,269],"definitions":[39],"similar":[41],"or":[42,257],"identical":[43],"buildings).":[44],"Social":[45,125],"media":[46,91,126],"data,":[47],"\u201cmarks\u201d":[48],"left":[49],"by":[50,192,216],"people":[51],"using":[52],"mobile":[53],"phones,":[54],"have":[55],"great":[56],"potential":[57],"to":[58,70,211,265],"overcome":[59],"this":[60],"gap.":[62],"Multisource":[63,97],"remote":[64,86,98,197],"sensing":[65,87,99,198],"data":[66,92,127,202,259,293,314],"also":[68,260],"expected":[69],"be":[71],"useful":[72],"distinguishing":[74],"LULC":[76,95,147,183,236,270],"types.":[77,271],"This":[78],"study":[79],"examined":[80],"capability":[82],"combined":[84],"multisource":[85,196],"social":[90],"classification.":[96,184],"included":[101],"a":[102,108,118,139],"Chinese":[103],"ZiYuan-3":[104],"(ZY-3)":[105],"high-resolution":[106,230],"image,":[107,116],"Landsat":[109,252,273],"8":[110,253,274],"Operational":[111],"Imager":[113],"(OLI)":[114],"multispectral":[115],"Sentinel-1A":[119,255,291],"synthetic":[120],"aperture":[121],"radar":[122],"(SAR)":[123],"image.":[124,227],"consisted":[128],"hourly":[131],"spatial":[132,221,305],"distribution":[133],"WeChat":[135,201,258,313],"users,":[136],"which":[137],"is":[138,240],"ubiquitous":[140],"messaging":[141],"payment":[143],"platform":[144],"China.":[146],"was":[148,180,232],"classified":[149],"into":[150],"10":[151],"types,":[152],"namely,":[153],"vegetation,":[154],"bare":[155],"land,":[156],"road,":[157],"water,":[158],"village,":[160,282,322],"greenhouses,":[161,300,323],"residential,":[162],"commercial,":[163],"industrial,":[164],"educational":[166],"buildings.":[167,326],"A":[168],"method":[169],"that":[170],"integrates":[171],"object-based":[172],"image":[173,231,276],"analysis,":[174],"decision":[175],"trees,":[176],"random":[178],"forests":[179],"The":[185,228,249,272],"overall":[186],"accuracy":[187],"kappa":[189],"value":[190],"attained":[191],"combination":[194],"were":[203],"87.55%":[204],"0.84,":[206],"respectively.":[207],"They":[208],"further":[209],"improved":[210,315],"91.55%":[212],"0.89,":[214],"respectively,":[215],"integrating":[217],"textural":[219],"features":[222],"extracted":[223],"from":[224],"ZY-3":[226,229],"essential":[233],"it":[239],"necessary":[241],"accurate":[244],"delineation":[245],"parcels.":[248],"addition":[250],"OLI,":[254],"SAR,":[256],"made":[261],"an":[262,320],"irreplaceable":[263],"contribution":[264],"OLI":[275],"helped":[277],"distinguish":[278],"between":[279,297],"residential":[283],"buildings,":[284,286,299],"commercial":[285,298,325],"roads,":[288],"while":[289],"SAR":[292],"reduced":[294],"confusion":[296],"water.":[302],"Rendering":[303],"temporal":[307],"dynamics":[308],"population":[310],"density,":[311],"accuracies":[318]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00"}