{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981346076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11212480","title":"Cropland Classification Using Sentinel-1 Time Series: Methodological Performance and Prediction Uncertainty Assessment","display_name":"Cropland Classification Using Sentinel-1 Time Series: Methodological Performance and Prediction Uncertainty Assessment","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981346076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11212480","mag":"2981346076"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11212480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11212480","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/21/2480/pdf?version=1572402346","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/21/2480/pdf?version=1572402346","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010175796","display_name":"Erkki Tomppo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5715-8912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Erkki Tomppo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 AALTO, 02150 Espoo, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 AALTO, 02150 Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037773899","display_name":"Oleg Antropov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8576-404X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oleg Antropov","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P. O. Box 1000, FI-00076 VTT, 02150 Espoo, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P. O. Box 1000, FI-00076 VTT, 02150 Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069103777","display_name":"Jaan Praks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7466-3569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaan Praks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 AALTO, 02150 Espoo, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 AALTO, 02150 Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010175796"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.1613,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94124501,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"21","first_page":"2480","last_page":"2480"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5453999042510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.44925791025161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.42193976044654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3699759542942047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3441334366798401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.24002420902252197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5453999042510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.44925791025161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.42193976044654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3699759542942047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3441334366798401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.24002420902252197}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11212480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11212480","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/21/2480/pdf?version=1572402346","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/42067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/6cad205f-1e8f-4ae8-a56b-b1cd4d51ce61","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401662","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f6b63c914ca6412681c74ca51af72f7d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f6b63c914ca6412681c74ca51af72f7d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 21, p 2480 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/21/2480/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11212480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 21; Pages: 2480","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11212480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11212480","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/21/2480/pdf?version=1572402346","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2981346076.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2981346076.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W837234218","https://openalex.org/W1903958304","https://openalex.org/W1965258976","https://openalex.org/W1969214006","https://openalex.org/W1994490949","https://openalex.org/W2003644107","https://openalex.org/W2014158985","https://openalex.org/W2032667441","https://openalex.org/W2054296973","https://openalex.org/W2078587853","https://openalex.org/W2097571405","https://openalex.org/W2121005491","https://openalex.org/W2138520632","https://openalex.org/W2150705511","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2169087452","https://openalex.org/W2260602653","https://openalex.org/W2511155637","https://openalex.org/W2526952648","https://openalex.org/W2567873607","https://openalex.org/W2569461747","https://openalex.org/W2734691593","https://openalex.org/W2745131289","https://openalex.org/W2769642400","https://openalex.org/W2772465728","https://openalex.org/W2782794599","https://openalex.org/W2794243943","https://openalex.org/W2797758606","https://openalex.org/W2803114652","https://openalex.org/W2886493749","https://openalex.org/W2890237414","https://openalex.org/W2897656581","https://openalex.org/W2906799152","https://openalex.org/W2911549724","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2916486703","https://openalex.org/W2922412082","https://openalex.org/W3033174482","https://openalex.org/W6642360064","https://openalex.org/W6649054543","https://openalex.org/W6754616052"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4252699458"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Methods":[0],"based":[1,100],"on":[2,101,169,298,304],"Sentinel-1":[3,70,129,229,318,336],"data":[4,130,273,369],"were":[5,20,105,185,197,240,257,338,347],"developed":[6],"to":[7,12,21,26,53,57,90,149,356],"monitor":[8],"crops":[9],"and":[10,51,77,98,134,178,213,236,313,342,352],"fields":[11],"facilitate":[13],"the":[14,37,42,46,59,62,95,102,108,137,170,176,201,217,233,237,253,267,279,286,289,292,295,305,307,311,314,317,330,335,350,358,366,374],"distribution":[15],"of":[16,61,143,172,278,288,291,310,316,373],"subsidies.":[17],"The":[18,110,141,163,222,259,276,321,345],"objectives":[19],"(1)":[22],"develop":[23],"a":[24,55,118,371],"methodology":[25],"predict":[27],"individual":[28,66,300],"crop":[29,254],"species":[30,47,132,144,173,190,293,333],"or":[31,32,181,245],"management":[33],"regimes;":[34],"(2)":[35],"investigate":[36],"earliest":[38],"time":[39],"point":[40],"in":[41,81,94,107,175,242,252,364],"growing":[43],"season":[44],"when":[45,194,200,216,226,334],"predictions":[48,63],"are":[49,370],"satisfactory;":[50],"(3)":[52],"present":[54],"method":[56,261,363],"assess":[58],"uncertainty":[60],"at":[64],"an":[65,160,299,361],"field":[67,183],"level.":[68],"Seventeen":[69],"synthetic":[71],"aperture":[72],"radar":[73],"(SAR)":[74],"scenes":[75,230,239,319,337],"(VV":[76],"VH":[78],"polarizations)":[79],"acquired":[80,241],"interferometric":[82],"wide":[83],"swath":[84],"mode":[85],"from":[86,147],"14":[87],"May":[88],"through":[89],"30":[91],"August":[92],"2017":[93],"same":[96],"geometry,":[97],"selected":[99],"weather":[103],"conditions,":[104],"used":[106],"study.":[109],"improved":[111],"k":[112],"nearest":[113],"neighbour":[114],"estimation,":[115],"ik-NN,":[116],"with":[117,127,188,271,283,294],"genetic":[119],"algorithm":[120],"feature":[121],"optimization":[122],"was":[123,157,192,210,219],"tailored":[124],"for":[125,136,285,329],"classification":[126],"optional":[128,161],"sets,":[131],"groupings,":[133],"thresholds":[135],"minimum":[138],"parcel":[139,301,312],"area.":[140],"number":[142,171,315],"groups":[145,191],"varied":[146,167,302],"7":[148],"as":[150,152,159],"large":[151],"41.":[153],"Multinomial":[154],"logistic":[155,268],"regression":[156,269],"tested":[158],"method.":[162],"Overall":[164],"Accuracies":[165],"(OA)":[166],"depending":[168,303],"included":[174],"classification,":[177],"whether":[179],"all":[180,195,272],"not":[182],"parcels":[184,196,202,207],"included.":[186],"OA":[187,223],"nine":[189],"72%":[193],"included,":[198],"81%":[199],"area":[203,308],"threshold":[204,218,309],"(for":[205],"incorporating":[206],"into":[208],"classification)":[209],"0.5":[211],"ha,":[212],"around":[214],"90%":[215],"4":[220],"ha.":[221],"gradually":[224],"increased":[225],"adding":[227],"extra":[228],"up":[231],"until":[232],"early":[234,243],"August,":[235],"initial":[238],"June":[244,341],"mid-May.":[246],"After":[247],"that,":[248],"only":[249],"minor":[250],"improvements":[251],"recognition":[255],"accuracy":[256],"noted.":[258],"ik-NN":[260,284],"gave":[262],"greater":[263],"overall":[264],"accuracies":[265],"than":[266],"analysis":[270],"combinations":[274],"tested.":[275],"width":[277],"95%":[280],"confidence":[281],"intervals":[282],"estimate":[287],"probability":[290,297],"largest":[296],"species,":[306],"used.":[320],"results":[322,346],"ranged":[323],"between":[324,339],"0.06\u20130.08":[325],"units":[326],"(6\u20138%":[327],"points)":[328],"most":[331],"common":[332],"1":[340],"12":[343],"August.":[344],"well-received":[348],"by":[349],"authorities":[351],"encourage":[353],"further":[354],"research":[355],"continue":[357],"study":[359],"towards":[360],"operational":[362],"which":[365],"space-borne":[367],"SAR":[368],"part":[372],"information":[375],"chain.":[376]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2019-11-01T00:00:00"}
