{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2979717888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192331","title":"Flood Mapping with Convolutional Neural Networks Using Spatio-Contextual Pixel Information","display_name":"Flood Mapping with Convolutional Neural Networks Using Spatio-Contextual Pixel Information","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2979717888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192331","mag":"2979717888"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11192331","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192331","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/19/2331/pdf?version=1570606733","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/19/2331/pdf?version=1570606733","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065448430","display_name":"Chandrama Sarker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6596-436X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chandrama Sarker","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4000, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102983961","display_name":"Luis Mej\u00edas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-2340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Mejias","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4000, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078908478","display_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Maire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6212-7651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederic Maire","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4000, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039659890","display_name":"Alan Woodley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3122-0247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Woodley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4000, Australia","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4000, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065448430"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":6.9351,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97609778,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"19","first_page":"2331","last_page":"2331"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12543","display_name":"Groundwater and Watershed Analysis","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7112170457839966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6181557178497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6042149066925049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5773841142654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5463250279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5440447330474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4831797182559967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flooding","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","score":0.41256922483444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.38147157430648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.19753271341323853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7112170457839966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6181557178497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6042149066925049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5773841142654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5463250279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5440447330474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4831797182559967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186594467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429176","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41256922483444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38147157430648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.19753271341323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11192331","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192331","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/19/2331/pdf?version=1570606733","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9e52cc3ff1ac484081ff4447cc4f1d13","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9e52cc3ff1ac484081ff4447cc4f1d13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 19, p 2331 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.qut.edu.au:133459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402607","display_name":"QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","host_organization_name":"Queensland University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Contribution to Journal"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/19/2331/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11192331","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 19; Pages: 2331","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11192331","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192331","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/19/2331/pdf?version=1570606733","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320983","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332183","display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2979717888.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2979717888.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1652973002","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1785026303","https://openalex.org/W1888899626","https://openalex.org/W1924650338","https://openalex.org/W1963978185","https://openalex.org/W1989933653","https://openalex.org/W2005779189","https://openalex.org/W2016038790","https://openalex.org/W2027386095","https://openalex.org/W2066715530","https://openalex.org/W2096982212","https://openalex.org/W2099688631","https://openalex.org/W2106666090","https://openalex.org/W2109343601","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2162480849","https://openalex.org/W2164117960","https://openalex.org/W2165056704","https://openalex.org/W2179843978","https://openalex.org/W2336807904","https://openalex.org/W2340724260","https://openalex.org/W2411643563","https://openalex.org/W2491899631","https://openalex.org/W2538244214","https://openalex.org/W2559884099","https://openalex.org/W2565205283","https://openalex.org/W2572372090","https://openalex.org/W2577554832","https://openalex.org/W2625667673","https://openalex.org/W2626685773","https://openalex.org/W2749751926","https://openalex.org/W2755533000","https://openalex.org/W2758286397","https://openalex.org/W2766822059","https://openalex.org/W2767943769","https://openalex.org/W2778830079","https://openalex.org/W2891007421","https://openalex.org/W2894920195","https://openalex.org/W2924082650","https://openalex.org/W3124935898","https://openalex.org/W4413686898","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6647539285","https://openalex.org/W6745636039","https://openalex.org/W6983551980"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W2090763504","https://openalex.org/W3135697610","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2039543756","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W148178222","https://openalex.org/W2386325437","https://openalex.org/W2353043494"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Remote":[0],"sensing":[1],"technology":[2],"in":[3,94],"recent":[4],"years":[5],"has":[6],"been":[7,29],"regarded":[8],"the":[9,19,23,48,52,57,75,84,88,124,141,146,164,168,178,188,200,206],"most":[10],"important":[11],"source":[12],"to":[13,22,55,73,162,177,193,219],"provide":[14],"substantial":[15],"information":[16,86],"for":[17,38,221],"delineating":[18],"flooding":[20,76],"extent":[21,77],"disaster":[24],"management":[25],"authority.":[26],"There":[27],"have":[28],"numerous":[30],"studies":[31],"proposing":[32],"mathematical":[33],"or":[34],"statistical":[35],"classification":[36,71,165,175,184,202],"models":[37,101],"flood":[39],"mapping.":[40],"However,":[41],"conventional":[42,179],"pixel-wise":[43],"classifications":[44],"methods":[45],"rely":[46],"on":[47],"exact":[49],"match":[50],"of":[51,91,98,111,116,145,151,167,172,216],"spectral":[53],"signature":[54],"label":[56],"target":[58,92],"pixel.":[59],"In":[60],"this":[61],"study,":[62],"we":[63],"propose":[64],"a":[65,107,210],"fully":[66],"convolutional":[67,138],"neural":[68],"networks":[69],"(F-CNNs)":[70],"model":[72,125,176,185,190,208],"map":[74],"from":[78,87],"Landsat":[79,153],"satellite":[80],"images.":[81],"We":[82],"utilised":[83],"spatial":[85],"neighbouring":[89],"area":[90],"pixel":[93],"classification.":[95,223],"A":[96,148,170],"total":[97],"64":[99],"different":[100,152],"were":[102,160],"generated":[103],"and":[104,114,135],"trained":[105,126],"with":[106,127,136],"variable":[108],"neighbourhood":[109,131],"size":[110],"training":[112,120,133],"samples":[113,134],"number":[115],"learnable":[117],"filters.":[118],"The":[119],"results":[121],"revealed":[122],"that":[123,187],"3":[128,130],"\u00d7":[129],"sized":[132],"32":[137],"filters":[139],"achieved":[140,209],"best":[142],"performance":[143,166],"out":[144],"experiments.":[147],"new":[149],"set":[150],"images":[154],"covering":[155],"flooded":[156,195],"areas":[157,196],"across":[158],"Australia":[159],"used":[161],"evaluate":[163],"model.":[169,203],"comparison":[171],"our":[173],"proposed":[174],"support":[180],"vector":[181],"machines":[182],"(SVM)":[183],"shows":[186],"F-CNNs":[189,207],"was":[191],"able":[192],"detect":[194],"more":[197],"efficiently":[198],"than":[199],"SVM":[201,222],"For":[204],"example,":[205],"maximum":[211],"precision":[212],"rate":[213],"(true":[214],"positives)":[215],"76.7%":[217],"compared":[218],"45.27%":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2019-10-18T00:00:00"}
