{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2973994664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11182161","title":"K-Matrix: A Novel Change-Pattern Mining Method for SAR Image Time Series","display_name":"K-Matrix: A Novel Change-Pattern Mining Method for SAR Image Time Series","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2973994664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11182161","mag":"2973994664"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11182161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11182161","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/18/2161/pdf?version=1568861134","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/18/2161/pdf?version=1568861134","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041740858","display_name":"Peng Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5284-6647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100783702","display_name":"Ting Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4199-4756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069540177","display_name":"Wen Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-8768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015155189","display_name":"Heng-Chao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9735-570X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng-Chao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069540177"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.181,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5646483,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"18","first_page":"2161","last_page":"2161"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.6610109806060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.630839467048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6177923679351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-detection","display_name":"Change detection","score":0.6058960556983948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5907697677612305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.579442024230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5728312730789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.5618529915809631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.47856953740119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.47582152485847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.46891698241233826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co-occurrence-matrix","display_name":"Co-occurrence matrix","score":0.44609102606773376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4212753474712372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.34008312225341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3207716643810272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.23251327872276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-texture","display_name":"Image texture","score":0.10942608118057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.07250344753265381}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.6610109806060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.630839467048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6177923679351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.6058960556983948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5907697677612305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.579442024230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5728312730789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5618529915809631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.47856953740119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.47582152485847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.46891698241233826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117479156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543908","display_name":"Co-occurrence matrix","level":5,"score":0.44609102606773376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4212753474712372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34008312225341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3207716643810272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.23251327872276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63099799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17147001","display_name":"Image texture","level":4,"score":0.10942608118057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07250344753265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11182161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11182161","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/18/2161/pdf?version=1568861134","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e6e537b55774427aa44dba1e5a298b58","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e6e537b55774427aa44dba1e5a298b58","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 18, p 2161 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/18/2161/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11182161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11182161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11182161","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/18/2161/pdf?version=1568861134","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7932834646","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771351, 61871335","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2973994664.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2973994664.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W864372470","https://openalex.org/W1976320505","https://openalex.org/W1995747879","https://openalex.org/W2009104547","https://openalex.org/W2010656511","https://openalex.org/W2026945162","https://openalex.org/W2027091505","https://openalex.org/W2034073840","https://openalex.org/W2036798369","https://openalex.org/W2055149942","https://openalex.org/W2069522573","https://openalex.org/W2073134030","https://openalex.org/W2083857818","https://openalex.org/W2089679502","https://openalex.org/W2090563002","https://openalex.org/W2103290993","https://openalex.org/W2106052468","https://openalex.org/W2110519070","https://openalex.org/W2111320133","https://openalex.org/W2112728479","https://openalex.org/W2124586808","https://openalex.org/W2126176832","https://openalex.org/W2131120753","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2146618204","https://openalex.org/W2165577558","https://openalex.org/W2166875305","https://openalex.org/W2324183516","https://openalex.org/W2471849660","https://openalex.org/W2527207704","https://openalex.org/W2548712274","https://openalex.org/W2611719608","https://openalex.org/W2936072655","https://openalex.org/W6684699695"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542224353","https://openalex.org/W1661087619","https://openalex.org/W2116854923","https://openalex.org/W2750730210","https://openalex.org/W2164995725","https://openalex.org/W3205829146","https://openalex.org/W2378026154","https://openalex.org/W2360235385","https://openalex.org/W2096743164","https://openalex.org/W2901475037"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,51],"present":[4],"a":[5,21,96,106],"novel":[6],"method":[7],"for":[8,87,133],"change-pattern":[9,79],"mining":[10,135],"in":[11,73,125],"Synthetic":[12],"Aperture":[13],"Radar":[14],"(SAR)":[15],"image":[16,40,75,127,170],"time":[17,41,76,93,128,171],"series":[18,42,77,94,172],"based":[19,43],"on":[20,44,109,165],"distance":[22,55,83,116,145],"matrix":[23,48,56,149],"clustering":[24],"algorithm,":[25],"called":[26],"K-Matrix.":[27],"As":[28],"it":[29],"is":[30,152],"different":[31,160],"from":[32],"the":[33,38,45,54,92,110,121,130,139,148,174,177],"state-of-the-art":[34],"methods,":[35],"which":[36,143],"analyze":[37],"SAR":[39,74,126],"change":[46,63,71,122,161],"detection":[47,72,123],"(CDM),":[49],"here,":[50],"directly":[52],"use":[53],"to":[57,120,154],"determine":[58],"changed":[59,100,131,157],"pixels":[60,101,158],"and":[61,78],"extract":[62],"patterns.":[64,162],"The":[65,99],"proposed":[66,140,178],"scheme":[67],"involves":[68],"two":[69,166],"steps:":[70],"discovery.":[80],"First,":[81],"these":[82],"matrices":[84,146],"are":[85,102,136],"constructed":[86],"each":[88],"spatial":[89],"position":[90],"over":[91],"by":[95,104,147],"dissimilarity":[97],"measurement.":[98],"detected":[103],"using":[105],"thresholding":[107],"algorithm":[108,142],"energy":[111],"feature":[112],"map":[113],"of":[114,168,176],"all":[115,156],"matrices.":[117],"Then,":[118],"according":[119],"results":[124,164],"series,":[129],"areas":[132],"pattern":[134],"determined.":[137],"Finally,":[138],"K-Matrix":[141],"clusters":[144],"cross-correlation":[150],"similarity":[151],"used":[153],"group":[155],"into":[159],"Experimental":[163],"datasets":[167],"TerraSAR-X":[169],"illustrate":[173],"effectiveness":[175],"method.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
