{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2971688875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11182073","title":"The Use of Ground Penetrating Radar and Microwave Tomography for the Detection of Decay and Cavities in Tree Trunks","display_name":"The Use of Ground Penetrating Radar and Microwave Tomography for the Detection of Decay and Cavities in Tree Trunks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2971688875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11182073","mag":"2971688875"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11182073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11182073","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/18/2073/pdf?version=1568082361","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/18/2073/pdf?version=1568082361","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103513644","display_name":"Amir M. Alani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177463362","display_name":"University of West London","ror":"https://ror.org/03e5mzp60","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177463362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir M. Alani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London (UWL), St Mary\u2019s Road, Ealing, London W5 5RF, UK","School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London (UWL), St Mary's Road, Ealing, London W5 5RF, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London (UWL), St Mary\u2019s Road, Ealing, London W5 5RF, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177463362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London (UWL), St Mary's Road, Ealing, London W5 5RF, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177463362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081849411","display_name":"Francesco Soldovieri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0377-3127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125249","display_name":"Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxw4x45","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Soldovieri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA-CNR), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Naples, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA-CNR), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062866510","display_name":"Ilaria Catapano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9031-9992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125249","display_name":"Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxw4x45","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilaria Catapano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA-CNR), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Naples, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA-CNR), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067068217","display_name":"Iraklis Giannakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7672-8992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177463362","display_name":"University of West London","ror":"https://ror.org/03e5mzp60","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177463362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iraklis Giannakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London (UWL), St Mary\u2019s Road, Ealing, London W5 5RF, UK","School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London (UWL), St Mary's Road, Ealing, London W5 5RF, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London (UWL), St Mary\u2019s Road, Ealing, London W5 5RF, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177463362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London (UWL), St Mary's Road, Ealing, London W5 5RF, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177463362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084645776","display_name":"Gianluca Gennarelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3600-5327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125249","display_name":"Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxw4x45","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianluca Gennarelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA-CNR), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Naples, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA-CNR), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007679297","display_name":"Livia Lantini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0416-1077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177463362","display_name":"University of West London","ror":"https://ror.org/03e5mzp60","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177463362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Livia Lantini","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London (UWL), St Mary\u2019s Road, Ealing, London W5 5RF, UK","School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London (UWL), St Mary's Road, Ealing, London W5 5RF, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London (UWL), St Mary\u2019s Road, Ealing, London W5 5RF, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177463362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London (UWL), St Mary's Road, Ealing, London W5 5RF, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177463362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068109123","display_name":"Giovanni Ludeno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5672-2721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125249","display_name":"Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxw4x45","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Ludeno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA-CNR), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Naples, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA-CNR), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053456097","display_name":"Fabio Tosti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0291-9937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177463362","display_name":"University of West London","ror":"https://ror.org/03e5mzp60","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177463362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Tosti","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London (UWL), St Mary\u2019s Road, Ealing, London W5 5RF, UK","School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London (UWL), St Mary's Road, Ealing, London W5 5RF, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London (UWL), St Mary\u2019s Road, Ealing, London W5 5RF, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177463362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London (UWL), St Mary's Road, Ealing, London W5 5RF, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177463362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053456097"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177463362"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.5674,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88610333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"18","first_page":"2073","last_page":"2073"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.6575824618339539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.538449764251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-difference-time-domain-method","display_name":"Finite-difference time-domain method","score":0.5188011527061462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5099915266036987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5092009902000427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.4801703989505768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.473898321390152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomography","display_name":"Tomography","score":0.4353826642036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4301990270614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36945217847824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.350777268409729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3248857855796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3155190348625183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.262813925743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26177191734313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.24581801891326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11002105474472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.10453790426254272}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.6575824618339539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.538449764251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184880428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417308","display_name":"Finite-difference time-domain method","level":2,"score":0.5188011527061462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5099915266036987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5092009902000427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.4801703989505768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.473898321390152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.4353826642036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4301990270614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36945217847824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.350777268409729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3248857855796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3155190348625183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.262813925743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26177191734313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.24581801891326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11002105474472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.10453790426254272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11182073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11182073","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/18/2073/pdf?version=1568082361","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.uwl.ac.uk:6375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402477","display_name":"UWL Repository (University of West London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177463362","host_organization_name":"University of West London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177463362"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.uwl.ac.uk:6375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0416-1077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402477","display_name":"UWL Repository (University of West London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177463362","host_organization_name":"University of West London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177463362"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:14907831ed5245e9902e5ba34356cedf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/14907831ed5245e9902e5ba34356cedf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 18, p 2073 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.kingston.ac.uk:52276","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/id/eprint/52276/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400991","display_name":"Research Repository (Kingston University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801636071","host_organization_name":"Kingston Hospital NHS Trust","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801636071"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma3.it:11590/373724","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11590/373724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196120","display_name":"Iris (Roma Tre University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119003972","host_organization_name":"Roma Tre University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/18/2073/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11182073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 18; Pages: 2073","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11182073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11182073","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/18/2073/pdf?version=1568082361","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315980","display_name":"Sackler Trust","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2971688875.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2971688875.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W198657756","https://openalex.org/W591753597","https://openalex.org/W1231533743","https://openalex.org/W1841745650","https://openalex.org/W1869316165","https://openalex.org/W1969728694","https://openalex.org/W1972044994","https://openalex.org/W1974622337","https://openalex.org/W1982764783","https://openalex.org/W1998239584","https://openalex.org/W2030180947","https://openalex.org/W2039569260","https://openalex.org/W2040416164","https://openalex.org/W2040633567","https://openalex.org/W2044149867","https://openalex.org/W2056535246","https://openalex.org/W2062396774","https://openalex.org/W2076094691","https://openalex.org/W2083803600","https://openalex.org/W2101012881","https://openalex.org/W2101586087","https://openalex.org/W2108770528","https://openalex.org/W2109476519","https://openalex.org/W2109631166","https://openalex.org/W2112728393","https://openalex.org/W2120998920","https://openalex.org/W2122754759","https://openalex.org/W2127107265","https://openalex.org/W2133770126","https://openalex.org/W2136295302","https://openalex.org/W2137037625","https://openalex.org/W2137052588","https://openalex.org/W2141213897","https://openalex.org/W2147718426","https://openalex.org/W2150891147","https://openalex.org/W2163826476","https://openalex.org/W2176439392","https://openalex.org/W2343239670","https://openalex.org/W2395626468","https://openalex.org/W2465567810","https://openalex.org/W2478138006","https://openalex.org/W2518909974","https://openalex.org/W2594063230","https://openalex.org/W2759758570","https://openalex.org/W2772205184","https://openalex.org/W2776165398","https://openalex.org/W2790313863","https://openalex.org/W2790410577","https://openalex.org/W2793109974","https://openalex.org/W2799654346","https://openalex.org/W2802086821","https://openalex.org/W2805038342","https://openalex.org/W2811259959","https://openalex.org/W2884720674","https://openalex.org/W2893824312","https://openalex.org/W2900046785","https://openalex.org/W2905177597","https://openalex.org/W2913768264","https://openalex.org/W2950711685","https://openalex.org/W2955757683","https://openalex.org/W2955879888","https://openalex.org/W3035917963","https://openalex.org/W3093346452","https://openalex.org/W3152867933","https://openalex.org/W4285656733","https://openalex.org/W6628213059","https://openalex.org/W6679813360","https://openalex.org/W6684059817","https://openalex.org/W6718451802","https://openalex.org/W6749258068","https://openalex.org/W6759677282","https://openalex.org/W6784531356"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4315471419","https://openalex.org/W2946057701","https://openalex.org/W2374146176","https://openalex.org/W2366839571","https://openalex.org/W4386931161","https://openalex.org/W4223960160","https://openalex.org/W2356754952","https://openalex.org/W3090858966","https://openalex.org/W2601319996","https://openalex.org/W2513278879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aggressive":[0],"fungal":[1],"and":[2,19,26,59,72,76,80,94,120,126,149,175,213,250,276],"insect":[3],"attacks":[4],"have":[5],"reached":[6],"an":[7,39],"alarming":[8],"level,":[9],"threatening":[10],"a":[11,106,182,234,259],"variety":[12],"of":[13,44,51,56,61,92,118,124,141,156,166,199,202,233,266,274],"tree":[14,52,98,147,279],"species,":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17],"ash":[18],"oak":[20],"trees,":[21],"in":[22,54,128,185,216,238,270,278],"the":[23,48,69,90,97,116,122,139,142,146,153,157,160,167,186,191,200,203,220,254,264,267,272],"United":[24],"Kingdom":[25],"beyond.":[27],"In":[28,101],"this":[29,102],"context,":[30],"Ground":[31],"Penetrating":[32],"Radar":[33],"(GPR)":[34],"has":[35],"proven":[36],"to":[37,84,136,151,173],"be":[38],"effective":[40],"non-invasive":[41],"tool,":[42],"capable":[43],"generating":[45],"information":[46,88],"about":[47],"inner":[49,99],"structure":[50],"trunks":[53],"terms":[55],"existence,":[57],"location,":[58],"geometry":[60,123,155],"defects.":[62],"Nevertheless,":[63],"it":[64],"had":[65],"been":[66],"observed":[67],"that":[68],"currently":[70],"available":[71],"known":[73],"GPR-related":[74],"processing":[75,114,227],"data":[77,113,176,212,229],"interpretation":[78],"methods":[79],"tools":[81],"are":[82],"able":[83,135],"provide":[85],"only":[86],"limited":[87],"regarding":[89],"existence":[91],"defects":[93],"anomalies":[95],"within":[96],"structure.":[100],"study,":[103],"we":[104],"present":[105],"microwave":[107,131,168,204],"tomographic":[108,132,169],"approach":[109,133,170,206,269],"for":[110,209],"improved":[111],"GPR":[112],"with":[115,171],"aim":[117],"detecting":[119],"characterising":[121],"decay":[125,277],"cavities":[127,275],"trees.":[129],"The":[130,164],"is":[134,178,207],"pinpoint":[137],"explicitly":[138],"position":[140,273],"measurement":[143],"points":[144],"on":[145,190,258],"surface":[148],"thus":[150],"consider":[152],"actual":[154],"sections":[158],"beyond":[159],"classical":[161],"(circular)":[162],"ones.":[163],"robustness":[165],"respect":[172],"noise":[174],"uncertainty":[177],"tackled":[179],"by":[180,226,231,242,262],"exploiting":[181],"regularised":[183],"scheme":[184],"inversion":[187],"process":[188],"based":[189],"Truncated":[192],"Singular":[193],"Value":[194],"Decomposition":[195],"(TSVD).":[196],"A":[197],"demonstration":[198],"potential":[201],"tomography":[205],"provided":[208],"both":[210],"simulated":[211,228],"measurements":[214],"collected":[215],"controlled":[217],"conditions.":[218],"First,":[219],"performance":[221],"analysis":[222],"was":[223,256],"carried":[224],"out":[225],"achieved":[230],"means":[232],"Finite-Difference":[235],"Time-Domain":[236],"(FDTD)":[237],"three":[239],"scenarios":[240],"characterised":[241],"different":[243],"geometric":[244],"trunk":[245,248,261],"shapes,":[246],"internal":[247],"configurations":[249],"target":[251],"dimensions.":[252],"Finally,":[253],"method":[255],"validated":[257],"real":[260],"proving":[263],"viability":[265],"proposed":[268],"identifying":[271],"trunks.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}