{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2972070308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11172057","title":"A Robust Rule-Based Ensemble Framework Using Mean-Shift Segmentation for Hyperspectral Image Classification","display_name":"A Robust Rule-Based Ensemble Framework Using Mean-Shift Segmentation for Hyperspectral Image Classification","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2972070308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11172057","mag":"2972070308"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11172057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11172057","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/17/2057/pdf?version=1567561681","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/17/2057/pdf?version=1567561681","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073562812","display_name":"Majid Shadman Roodposhti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8775-6251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","display_name":"University of Tasmania","ror":"https://ror.org/01nfmeh72","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Majid Shadman Roodposhti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Discipline of Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Technology, Environments and Design, University of Tasmania, Churchill Ave, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Technology, Environments and Design, University of Tasmania, Churchill Ave, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062850904","display_name":"Arko Lucieer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-4516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","display_name":"University of Tasmania","ror":"https://ror.org/01nfmeh72","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arko Lucieer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Discipline of Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Technology, Environments and Design, University of Tasmania, Churchill Ave, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Technology, Environments and Design, University of Tasmania, Churchill Ave, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059580530","display_name":"Asim Anees","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2220-0874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","display_name":"University of Tasmania","ror":"https://ror.org/01nfmeh72","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146584863","display_name":"Children's Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01bsaey45","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146584863"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asim Anees","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Scientist Group, ProCan, Children\u2019s Medical Research Institute, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia","School of Engineering, University of Tasmania, Churchill Ave, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia","Data Scientist Group, ProCan, Children's Medical Research Institute, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Scientist Group, ProCan, Children\u2019s Medical Research Institute, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146584863"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Tasmania, Churchill Ave, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Scientist Group, ProCan, Children's Medical Research Institute, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146584863"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090734936","display_name":"Brett A. Bryan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4834-5641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brett Bryan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073562812"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.2687,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83225403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"17","first_page":"2057","last_page":"2057"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9768999814987183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9722999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6431062817573547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.6425741910934448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6240800619125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5965554714202881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5163266062736511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5157997608184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.5154700875282288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4565545916557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4268980324268341}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6431062817573547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.6425741910934448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6240800619125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5965554714202881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5163266062736511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5157997608184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.5154700875282288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4565545916557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4268980324268341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11172057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11172057","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/17/2057/pdf?version=1567561681","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:44bb886977874555ac356c4047f9c53d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/44bb886977874555ac356c4047f9c53d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 17, p 2057 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30130020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402457","display_name":"Deakin Research Online (Deakin University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20740645","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_robust_rule-based_ensemble_framework_using_mean-shift_segmentation_for_hyperspectral_image_classification/20740645","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23010644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_robust_rule-based_ensemble_framework_using_mean-shift_segmentation_for_hyperspectral_image_classification/23010644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11172057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11172057","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/17/2057/pdf?version=1567561681","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5711639767","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RT109121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320386","funder_display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320386","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320609","display_name":"University of Tasmania","ror":"https://ror.org/01nfmeh72"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320970","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2972070308.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2972070308.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1181348626","https://openalex.org/W1496628205","https://openalex.org/W1761723896","https://openalex.org/W1831050183","https://openalex.org/W1971176377","https://openalex.org/W1990653740","https://openalex.org/W1997718749","https://openalex.org/W2000889749","https://openalex.org/W2001859769","https://openalex.org/W2001992768","https://openalex.org/W2020299137","https://openalex.org/W2022513878","https://openalex.org/W2022686119","https://openalex.org/W2022916997","https://openalex.org/W2029061115","https://openalex.org/W2029389181","https://openalex.org/W2029772080","https://openalex.org/W2034803951","https://openalex.org/W2038386419","https://openalex.org/W2043665634","https://openalex.org/W2045095960","https://openalex.org/W2053852479","https://openalex.org/W2066485336","https://openalex.org/W2089806346","https://openalex.org/W2090424610","https://openalex.org/W2100921418","https://openalex.org/W2101711129","https://openalex.org/W2102328532","https://openalex.org/W2129905273","https://openalex.org/W2130627644","https://openalex.org/W2131864940","https://openalex.org/W2137900926","https://openalex.org/W2138973222","https://openalex.org/W2141356859","https://openalex.org/W2145862305","https://openalex.org/W2153534417","https://openalex.org/W2155806188","https://openalex.org/W2156932943","https://openalex.org/W2164500538","https://openalex.org/W2166307050","https://openalex.org/W2221243399","https://openalex.org/W2242603519","https://openalex.org/W2252850561","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2310649008","https://openalex.org/W2315111930","https://openalex.org/W2315258102","https://openalex.org/W2335554950","https://openalex.org/W2418115551","https://openalex.org/W2462460776","https://openalex.org/W2507924712","https://openalex.org/W2511832009","https://openalex.org/W2519653196","https://openalex.org/W2522078899","https://openalex.org/W2522698497","https://openalex.org/W2528491735","https://openalex.org/W2533102868","https://openalex.org/W2539340359","https://openalex.org/W2565286621","https://openalex.org/W2580696810","https://openalex.org/W2618225899","https://openalex.org/W2740062333","https://openalex.org/W2742141965","https://openalex.org/W2743188176","https://openalex.org/W2744909235","https://openalex.org/W2756460310","https://openalex.org/W2757242159","https://openalex.org/W2761430711","https://openalex.org/W2784208206","https://openalex.org/W2787334870","https://openalex.org/W2789886710","https://openalex.org/W2898946526","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2946041824","https://openalex.org/W2978725006","https://openalex.org/W3023114228","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4320339642","https://openalex.org/W6631263138"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W4230131218","https://openalex.org/W2404757046","https://openalex.org/W2070598848","https://openalex.org/W2019190440","https://openalex.org/W3034864990","https://openalex.org/W2343470940"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"assesses":[2],"the":[3,18,52,58,102,119,125,155],"performance":[4],"of":[5,8,30,44,54,61,92,122,157],"DoTRules\u2014a":[6],"dictionary":[7],"trusted":[9],"rules\u2014as":[10],"a":[11,68,76],"supervised":[12],"rule-based":[13],"ensemble":[14,27,127,133],"framework":[15,28,106,128],"based":[16,37],"on":[17,38],"mean-shift":[19],"segmentation":[20],"for":[21,50,71],"hyperspectral":[22,113,162],"image":[23,72,97,104,114],"classification.":[24,98],"The":[25],"proposed":[26,103,126],"consists":[29],"multiple":[31,142],"rule":[32,56,80,83],"sets":[33],"with":[34],"rules":[35],"constructed":[36],"different":[39],"class":[40],"frequencies":[41],"and":[42,57],"sequences":[43],"occurrences.":[45],"Shannon":[46],"entropy":[47],"was":[48,129],"derived":[49],"assessing":[51],"uncertainty":[53,84],"every":[55],"subsequent":[59],"filtering":[60],"unreliable":[62],"rules.":[63],"DoTRules":[64,148],"is":[65,107],"not":[66],"only":[67],"transparent":[69],"approach":[70],"classification":[73,93,105,123,156],"but":[74],"also":[75],"tool":[77],"to":[78,96,131,154],"map":[79],"uncertainty,":[81],"where":[82],"assessment":[85],"can":[86,149],"be":[87,150],"applied":[88,151],"as":[89,135,137,161],"an":[90],"estimate":[91],"accuracy":[94,121],"prior":[95],"In":[99],"this":[100],"research,":[101],"implemented":[108],"using":[109,124],"three":[110],"world":[111],"reference":[112],"datasets.":[115],"We":[116,146],"found":[117],"that":[118],"overall":[120],"superior":[130],"state-of-the-art":[132],"algorithms,":[134,140],"well":[136],"two":[138],"non-ensemble":[139],"at":[141],"training":[143],"sample":[144],"sizes.":[145],"believe":[147],"more":[152],"generally":[153],"discrete":[158],"data":[159],"such":[160],"satellite":[163],"imagery":[164],"products.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}