{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2971117720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11172013","title":"Estimating Root Zone Soil Moisture Across the Eastern United States with Passive Microwave Satellite Data and a Simple Hydrologic Model","display_name":"Estimating Root Zone Soil Moisture Across the Eastern United States with Passive Microwave Satellite Data and a Simple Hydrologic Model","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2971117720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11172013","mag":"2971117720"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11172013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11172013","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/17/2013/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/17/2013/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056370907","display_name":"D. C. Baldwin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2627-6203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Douglas Baldwin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023933354","display_name":"Salvatore Manfreda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0225-144X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20272500","display_name":"University of Basilicata","ror":"https://ror.org/03tc05689","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20272500"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salvatore Manfreda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures: Architecture, Environment, and Cultural Heritage (DiCEM), University of Basilicata, Matera 75100, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures: Architecture, Environment, and Cultural Heritage (DiCEM), University of Basilicata, Matera 75100, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20272500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101807246","display_name":"Henry Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6179-3943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henry Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082850215","display_name":"Erica A. H. Smithwick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3497-2011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erica A.H. Smithwick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA","Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056370907"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.1422,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75762969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"17","first_page":"2013","last_page":"2013"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10716","display_name":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7997644543647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.753767728805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5745553970336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.42170554399490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.41917166113853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-ecology","display_name":"Spatial ecology","score":0.4163759648799896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.38838309049606323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.3607969284057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.16721904277801514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7997644543647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.753767728805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5745553970336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.42170554399490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.41917166113853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158709400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586","display_name":"Spatial ecology","level":2,"score":0.4163759648799896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.38838309049606323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.3607969284057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16721904277801514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11172013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11172013","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/17/2013/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:145ffb2570ae4b1c86a65f2ba79b2652","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/145ffb2570ae4b1c86a65f2ba79b2652","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 17, p 2013 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/17/2013/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11172013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 17; Pages: 2013","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:157866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/157866","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402478","display_name":"INFM-OAR (INFN Catania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210116497","host_organization_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zootaxa, 495, 1-40, (2004-12-31)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.157866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.157866","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"graphic"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11172013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11172013","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/17/2013/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2971117720.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2971117720.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61970794","https://openalex.org/W1549853756","https://openalex.org/W1563760726","https://openalex.org/W1575869561","https://openalex.org/W1578138499","https://openalex.org/W1596882294","https://openalex.org/W1793886366","https://openalex.org/W1972236369","https://openalex.org/W1972392924","https://openalex.org/W1975288608","https://openalex.org/W1976650623","https://openalex.org/W1978245269","https://openalex.org/W1983747517","https://openalex.org/W1987428902","https://openalex.org/W1994900091","https://openalex.org/W1995780830","https://openalex.org/W1998011195","https://openalex.org/W2000345915","https://openalex.org/W2000603059","https://openalex.org/W2001435291","https://openalex.org/W2020799038","https://openalex.org/W2026114208","https://openalex.org/W2035588622","https://openalex.org/W2036890196","https://openalex.org/W2039348932","https://openalex.org/W2044735186","https://openalex.org/W2046838287","https://openalex.org/W2048336910","https://openalex.org/W2052190449","https://openalex.org/W2062931937","https://openalex.org/W2063972793","https://openalex.org/W2072358330","https://openalex.org/W2080788838","https://openalex.org/W2087070363","https://openalex.org/W2088183412","https://openalex.org/W2098004653","https://openalex.org/W2100401723","https://openalex.org/W2104973080","https://openalex.org/W2105061694","https://openalex.org/W2107204862","https://openalex.org/W2108031818","https://openalex.org/W2108270342","https://openalex.org/W2114553375","https://openalex.org/W2116428100","https://openalex.org/W2117575933","https://openalex.org/W2123744475","https://openalex.org/W2124063354","https://openalex.org/W2127514588","https://openalex.org/W2130083518","https://openalex.org/W2131401661","https://openalex.org/W2131622022","https://openalex.org/W2135048240","https://openalex.org/W2140092962","https://openalex.org/W2143908786","https://openalex.org/W2144064225","https://openalex.org/W2146474634","https://openalex.org/W2147171518","https://openalex.org/W2148534890","https://openalex.org/W2151009404","https://openalex.org/W2155509305","https://openalex.org/W2161071907","https://openalex.org/W2162604832","https://openalex.org/W2165979941","https://openalex.org/W2167962096","https://openalex.org/W2168872978","https://openalex.org/W2170881589","https://openalex.org/W2277497547","https://openalex.org/W2327609089","https://openalex.org/W2485191304","https://openalex.org/W2533595892","https://openalex.org/W2546065809","https://openalex.org/W2552109741","https://openalex.org/W2579329876","https://openalex.org/W2588003345","https://openalex.org/W2599868771","https://openalex.org/W2613126452","https://openalex.org/W2734508657","https://openalex.org/W2737338775","https://openalex.org/W2759176883","https://openalex.org/W2887265124","https://openalex.org/W2896139965","https://openalex.org/W2911143145","https://openalex.org/W2966684393","https://openalex.org/W6602579656","https://openalex.org/W6603422844","https://openalex.org/W6632854936","https://openalex.org/W6677884756","https://openalex.org/W6684545763"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2108512031","https://openalex.org/W2063755384","https://openalex.org/W2153306223","https://openalex.org/W2997015357","https://openalex.org/W2048409327","https://openalex.org/W2390117385","https://openalex.org/W2123825282","https://openalex.org/W2897030841","https://openalex.org/W1977273908","https://openalex.org/W2079990215"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Root":[0],"zone":[1,92],"soil":[2,38,80,93,123,160,217,310],"moisture":[3,39,81,94,124,218],"(RZSM)":[4],"affects":[5],"many":[6,62],"natural":[7],"processes":[8],"and":[9,21,106,130,144,163,211,223,275,282],"is":[10,19,246,286],"an":[11],"important":[12],"component":[13],"of":[14,36,76,159,186,192,225,300,309],"environmental":[15,63],"modeling,":[16],"but":[17,47],"it":[18],"expensive":[20],"challenging":[22],"to":[23,43,58,89,207],"monitor":[24,216],"for":[25,61,68,230,238,270,296],"relatively":[26],"small":[27,69,98],"spatial":[28,34,56,154,201,307],"extents.":[29],"Satellite":[30],"datasets":[31],"offer":[32],"ample":[33],"coverage":[35],"near-surface":[37],"content":[40],"at":[41,111,167,190,205],"up":[42,206],"a":[44,85,97,101,112,117,179,293],"daily":[45],"time-step,":[46],"satellite-derived":[48],"data":[49,82,150,233,244,261],"products":[50,83],"are":[51],"currently":[52],"too":[53],"coarse":[54],"in":[55,84,173],"resolution":[57,115,308],"use":[59,75],"directly":[60],"applications,":[64],"such":[65],"as":[66],"those":[67],"catchments.":[70],"This":[71,290],"study":[72,291],"investigated":[73],"the":[74,107,133,168,193,196,199,220,251,263,272,276,279,283,305],"passive":[77],"microwave":[78],"satellite":[79,232,243],"simple":[86],"hydrologic":[87],"model":[88,155,177,202],"provide":[90],"root":[91,180],"estimates":[95,240],"across":[96,219],"catchment":[99,172,284],"over":[100,116],"two":[102],"year":[103],"time":[104],"period":[105],"Eastern":[108],"U.S.":[109],"(EUS)":[110],"1":[113,252],"km":[114,253],"decadal":[118],"time-scale.":[119],"The":[120,152,176,235],"physically":[121],"based":[122],"analytical":[125],"relationship":[126],"(SMAR)":[127],"was":[128,164,203,267],"calibrated":[129,204],"tested":[131,166,259],"with":[132,260,304],"Advanced":[134],"Microwave":[135],"Scanning":[136],"Radiometer":[137],"(AMSRE),":[138],"Soil":[139,145],"Moisture":[140,146],"Ocean":[141],"Salinity":[142],"(SMOS),":[143],"Active":[147],"Passive":[148],"(SMAP)":[149],"products.":[151],"SMAR":[153,200,226],"relies":[156],"on":[157],"maps":[158,224,257,303],"physical":[161],"properties":[162],"first":[165],"Shale":[169,264],"Hills":[170],"experimental":[171],"central":[174],"Pennsylvania.":[175],"met":[178],"mean":[181],"square":[182],"error":[183],"(RMSE)":[184],"benchmark":[185],"0.06":[187],"cm3":[188,248,288],"cm\u22123":[189],"66%":[191],"locations":[194],"throughout":[195],"catchment.":[197],"Then,":[198],"68":[208],"sites":[209],"(SCAN":[210],"AMERIFLUX":[212],"network":[213],"sites)":[214],"that":[215],"EUS":[221,254],"region,":[222],"parameters":[227],"were":[228,258],"generated":[229],"each":[231,242],"product.":[234],"average":[236,285],"RMSE":[237,277],"RZSM":[239,256,280,302],"from":[241,262],"product":[245],"<0.06":[247],"cm\u22123.":[249,289],"Lastly,":[250],"regional":[255,273,301],"Hills,":[265],"which":[266],"set":[268],"aside":[269],"validating":[271],"SMAR,":[274],"between":[278],"predictions":[281],"0.042":[287],"offers":[292],"promising":[294],"approach":[295],"generating":[297],"long":[298],"time-series":[299],"same":[306],"property":[311],"maps.":[312]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}