{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2965598008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11151755","title":"Evaluation of an Extended PICS (EPICS) for Calibration and Stability Monitoring of Optical Satellite Sensors","display_name":"Evaluation of an Extended PICS (EPICS) for Calibration and Stability Monitoring of Optical Satellite Sensors","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2965598008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11151755","mag":"2965598008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11151755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11151755","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/15/1755/pdf?version=1564985881","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/15/1755/pdf?version=1564985881","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089598544","display_name":"Md Nahid Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0463-601X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177156846","display_name":"South Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/015jmes13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Nahid Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, SD 57007, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, SD 57007, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037849055","display_name":"Mahesh Shrestha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-6399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177156846","display_name":"South Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/015jmes13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahesh Shrestha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, SD 57007, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, SD 57007, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064159648","display_name":"Larry Leigh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-4768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177156846","display_name":"South Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/015jmes13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Larry Leigh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Processing Lab, Engineering Office of Research, South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, SD 57007, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Lab, Engineering Office of Research, South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, SD 57007, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081167451","display_name":"Dennis Helder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177156846","display_name":"South Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/015jmes13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Helder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, SD 57007, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, SD 57007, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064159648"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":22.0547,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98857528,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"15","first_page":"1755","last_page":"1755"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9545000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.8020923137664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.6786963939666748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-mapper","display_name":"Thematic Mapper","score":0.6576502919197083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.617495059967041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.5110329389572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44913214445114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4321925640106201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.4284888803958893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.42537373304367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.27218741178512573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.24235603213310242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2073410451412201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1944591999053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1661357581615448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.8020923137664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6786963939666748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775938548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1565182","display_name":"Thematic Mapper","level":3,"score":0.6576502919197083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.617495059967041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.5110329389572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44913214445114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4321925640106201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.4284888803958893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.42537373304367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.27218741178512573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.24235603213310242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2073410451412201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1944591999053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1661357581615448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11151755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11151755","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/15/1755/pdf?version=1564985881","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openprairie.sdstate.edu:etd-4668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/3662","pdf_url":"https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4668&context=etd","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196457","display_name":"Open PRAIRIE (South Dakota State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177156846","host_organization_name":"South Dakota State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6c16f4fab00e4349b12e7ec936f2ae0a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6c16f4fab00e4349b12e7ec936f2ae0a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 15, p 1755 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/15/1755/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11151755","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 15; Pages: 1755","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11151755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11151755","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/15/1755/pdf?version=1564985881","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G23623786","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G14AC00370","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332183","funder_display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8018140732","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNX15AP36A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332183","display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2965598008.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2965598008.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968798474","https://openalex.org/W1992450374","https://openalex.org/W1997074699","https://openalex.org/W2001106510","https://openalex.org/W2034414166","https://openalex.org/W2042978621","https://openalex.org/W2053877137","https://openalex.org/W2068582210","https://openalex.org/W2073421842","https://openalex.org/W2086620533","https://openalex.org/W2087737263","https://openalex.org/W2102970817","https://openalex.org/W2107800177","https://openalex.org/W2126785676","https://openalex.org/W2137852055","https://openalex.org/W2147382978","https://openalex.org/W2148964737","https://openalex.org/W2151161957","https://openalex.org/W2165849160","https://openalex.org/W2333931248","https://openalex.org/W2725897987","https://openalex.org/W2799417842","https://openalex.org/W2935730345"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063262193","https://openalex.org/W2342509369","https://openalex.org/W2061775097","https://openalex.org/W4318664220","https://openalex.org/W2478500201","https://openalex.org/W2771047279","https://openalex.org/W2153261161","https://openalex.org/W2146938142","https://openalex.org/W336034495","https://openalex.org/W2512024213"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pseudo":[0],"Invariant":[1],"Calibration":[2],"Sites":[3],"(PICS)":[4],"have":[5,245],"been":[6],"increasingly":[7],"used":[8],"as":[9,54,121,173,231,233,250],"an":[10,66],"independent":[11],"data":[12,180],"source":[13],"for":[14,262],"on-orbit":[15,313],"radiometric":[16],"calibration":[17,136,142,175],"and":[18,40,75,90,143,194,214,257,296],"stability":[19,144],"monitoring":[20],"of":[21,32,48,65,69,78,114,134,171,226,234,253,260,275,300,345,356],"optical":[22],"satellite":[23],"sensors.":[24],"Generally,":[25],"this":[26,306],"would":[27],"be":[28,58,84,281,309,330,337],"a":[29,103,111,147,174,246,272],"small":[30,50],"region":[31],"land":[33],"that":[34,208,342,357],"is":[35,242,283],"extremely":[36],"stable":[37],"in":[38,44,130],"time":[39,99,137,268,350],"space,":[41],"predominantly":[42],"found":[43,358],"North":[45],"Africa.":[46],"Use":[47],"these":[49],"regions,":[51],"referred":[52],"to":[53,101,126,152,165,230,244,280,286,292,311,318,336,353],"traditional":[55,154,240,360],"PICS,":[56],"can":[57,83,219,308,347],"limited":[59],"by:":[60],"(i)":[61],"the":[62,76,81,94,98,135,153,166,222,251,266,278,284,293,298,320,333,343,349],"spatial":[63,203],"extent":[64],"individual":[67],"Region":[68],"Interest":[70],"(ROI)":[71],"and/or":[72],"site;":[73],"(ii)":[74],"frequency":[77,133],"how":[79],"often":[80],"site":[82,176],"acquired,":[85],"based":[86],"on":[87],"orbital":[88],"patterns":[89],"cloud":[91,217],"cover":[92],"at":[93,146,200,210],"site,":[95],"both":[96],"impacting":[97],"required":[100],"construct":[102],"richly":[104],"populated":[105],"temporal":[106,132,223,247,254,258,273],"dataset.":[107],"This":[108],"paper":[109],"uses":[110],"new":[112],"class":[113],"continental":[115],"scaled":[116],"PICS":[117,123,241],"clusters":[118],"(also":[119],"known":[120],"Extended":[122],"or":[124],"EPICS),":[125],"demonstrate":[127],"their":[128,201],"capability":[129],"increasing":[131],"series":[138],"which":[139,328],"ultimately":[140],"allows":[141],"assessment":[145],"much":[148,232],"finer":[149],"scale":[150],"compared":[151],"PICS-based":[155,361],"method":[156],"while":[157],"also":[158],"reducing":[159],"any":[160,301,312],"single":[161],"location\u2019s":[162],"potential":[163,213,302],"impact":[164,299],"overall":[167],"assessment.":[168],"The":[169],"use":[170,344],"EPICS":[172,270,346],"was":[177],"evaluated":[178],"using":[179,359],"from":[181],"Landsat-8":[182],"Operational":[183],"Land":[184],"Imager":[185],"(OLI),":[186],"Landsat":[187],"7":[188],"Enhanced":[189],"Thematic":[190],"Mapper":[191],"Plus":[192],"(ETM+),":[193],"Sentinel-2A&B":[195],"Multispectral":[196],"Instrument":[197],"(MSI)":[198],"images":[199],"full":[202,212],"resolutions.":[204],"Initial":[205],"analysis":[206],"suggests":[207,341],"EPICS,":[209],"its":[211],"with":[215],"nominal":[216],"consideration,":[218],"significantly":[220],"decrease":[221,348],"revisit":[224],"interval":[225],"moderate":[227],"resolution":[228],"sensors":[229],"0.33":[235],"day":[236],"(3":[237],"collects/day).":[238],"A":[239],"expected":[243],"uncertainty":[248,274],"(defined":[249],"ratio":[252],"standard":[255],"deviation":[256],"mean)":[259],"2\u20135%":[261],"TOA":[263],"reflectance.":[264],"Over":[265],"same":[267],"period":[269,351],"produced":[271],"3%.":[276],"But":[277],"advantage":[279],"leveraged":[282],"ability":[285],"detect":[287],"sensor":[288],"change":[289,323],"quicker":[290],"due":[291],"denser":[294],"dataset":[295],"reduce":[297],"\u2018local\u2019":[303],"changes.":[304],"Moreover,":[305],"approach":[307],"extended":[310],"sensor.":[314],"An":[315],"initial":[316],"attempt":[317],"quantify":[319],"minimum":[321],"detectable":[322],"(a":[324],"threshold":[325],"slope":[326],"value":[327],"must":[329],"exceeded":[331],"by":[332],"reflectance":[334],"trend":[335],"considered":[338],"statistically":[339],"significant)":[340],"up":[352],"approximately":[354],"half":[355],"approach.":[362]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}