{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2947465169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11111279","title":"Benthic Habitat Mapping Model and Cross Validation Using Machine-Learning Classification Algorithms","display_name":"Benthic Habitat Mapping Model and Cross Validation Using Machine-Learning Classification Algorithms","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2947465169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11111279","mag":"2947465169"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11111279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11111279","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/11/1279/pdf?version=1559128652","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/11/1279/pdf?version=1559128652","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077549476","display_name":"Pramaditya Wicaksono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5797-0284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165230279","display_name":"Universitas Gadjah Mada","ror":"https://ror.org/03ke6d638","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pramaditya Wicaksono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geographic Information Science, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographic Information Science, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083084251","display_name":"Prama Ardha Aryaguna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9824-7049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096641","display_name":"Universitas Esa Unggul","ror":"https://ror.org/00cwwxh37","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096641"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prama Ardha Aryaguna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Esa Unggul, Jakarta 11510, Indonesia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Esa Unggul, Jakarta 11510, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013934074","display_name":"Wahyu Lazuardi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165230279","display_name":"Universitas Gadjah Mada","ror":"https://ror.org/03ke6d638","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wahyu Lazuardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geographic Information Science, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographic Information Science, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077549476"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":6.9341,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97289052,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"11","first_page":"1279","last_page":"1279"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13485","display_name":"Marine and Coastal Ecosystems","score":0.15719999372959137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13485","display_name":"Marine and Coastal Ecosystems","score":0.15719999372959137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10643","display_name":"Marine and coastal plant biology","score":0.14720000326633453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10341","display_name":"Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies","score":0.03610000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benthic-zone","display_name":"Benthic zone","score":0.7324531674385071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.6946470737457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bathymetry","display_name":"Bathymetry","score":0.6256212592124939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benthic-habitat","display_name":"Benthic habitat","score":0.6195425391197205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6184386610984802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.5864550471305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5280778408050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat","display_name":"Habitat","score":0.5072152614593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classification-scheme","display_name":"Classification scheme","score":0.4542633891105652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4436115026473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.440005362033844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4331235885620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3778740167617798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3419336974620819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3239765763282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.22758334875106812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.21058425307273865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.19344183802604675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.18430450558662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.15051090717315674}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83042747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686881","display_name":"Benthic zone","level":2,"score":0.7324531674385071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.6946470737457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174943157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810826","display_name":"Bathymetry","level":2,"score":0.6256212592124939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993018843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686881","display_name":"Benthic habitat","level":3,"score":0.6195425391197205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6184386610984802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.5864550471305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5280778408050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.5072152614593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13460635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85753676","display_name":"Classification scheme","level":2,"score":0.4542633891105652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4436115026473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.440005362033844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4331235885620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3778740167617798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3419336974620819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3239765763282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.22758334875106812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21058425307273865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.19344183802604675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.18430450558662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.15051090717315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11111279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11111279","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/11/1279/pdf?version=1559128652","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9bf96ad960d84a0a9c33a64b1b2dbba3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9bf96ad960d84a0a9c33a64b1b2dbba3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 11, p 1279 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/11/1279/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11111279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 11; Pages: 1279","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11111279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11111279","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/11/1279/pdf?version=1559128652","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325961","display_name":"Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/03d7c1451"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326442","display_name":"Kementerian Riset, Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327626","display_name":"Universitas Gadjah Mada","ror":"https://ror.org/03ke6d638"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336199","display_name":"Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336242","display_name":"Direktorat Jenderal Penguatan Riset dan Pengembangan","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947465169.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947465169.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W260904124","https://openalex.org/W1965840720","https://openalex.org/W1966189733","https://openalex.org/W1971689326","https://openalex.org/W1972923945","https://openalex.org/W1978280065","https://openalex.org/W1981722323","https://openalex.org/W1983767311","https://openalex.org/W1988544037","https://openalex.org/W1989492744","https://openalex.org/W1995421053","https://openalex.org/W1997647946","https://openalex.org/W2001257745","https://openalex.org/W2010401343","https://openalex.org/W2010526403","https://openalex.org/W2029383238","https://openalex.org/W2029937946","https://openalex.org/W2033150772","https://openalex.org/W2033583109","https://openalex.org/W2063907334","https://openalex.org/W2064003174","https://openalex.org/W2064289726","https://openalex.org/W2070022366","https://openalex.org/W2072376158","https://openalex.org/W2073755771","https://openalex.org/W2078619499","https://openalex.org/W2100135959","https://openalex.org/W2100376666","https://openalex.org/W2102258425","https://openalex.org/W2106078845","https://openalex.org/W2107301689","https://openalex.org/W2108810005","https://openalex.org/W2133647806","https://openalex.org/W2134232109","https://openalex.org/W2138973222","https://openalex.org/W2146463321","https://openalex.org/W2146506061","https://openalex.org/W2148143762","https://openalex.org/W2151222354","https://openalex.org/W2152686492","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2157262629","https://openalex.org/W2168707907","https://openalex.org/W2169987728","https://openalex.org/W2511374895","https://openalex.org/W2587349276","https://openalex.org/W2766144806","https://openalex.org/W2771317050","https://openalex.org/W2776745177","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2920985420","https://openalex.org/W4300952079","https://openalex.org/W6675718511","https://openalex.org/W6683202423","https://openalex.org/W6922529842"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2177259634","https://openalex.org/W4324352293","https://openalex.org/W1519547577","https://openalex.org/W2175354147","https://openalex.org/W4210855644","https://openalex.org/W4250023279","https://openalex.org/W4235461964","https://openalex.org/W3142263316","https://openalex.org/W1491276474","https://openalex.org/W2105976034"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"research":[1],"was":[2,82,106,128],"aimed":[3],"at":[4],"developing":[5,85],"the":[6,19,22,43,75,86,116,159,176,195,203],"mapping":[7,12,198],"model":[8,23,157],"of":[9,21,37,77,126,155,161,175,197,205],"benthic":[10,31,119,162,188,200],"habitat":[11,32,163,189,201],"using":[13],"machine-learning":[14,44],"classification":[15,60,112,151,160,179],"algorithms":[16],"and":[17,34,54,74,92,118,132,141],"tested":[18],"applicability":[20],"in":[24,29,84,158,164,181],"different":[25,146],"areas.":[26,99,207],"We":[27],"integrated":[28],"situ":[30],"data":[33],"image":[35,40],"processing":[36],"WorldView-2":[38],"(WV2)":[39],"to":[41,172,183],"parameterise":[42],"algorithm,":[45],"namely:":[46],"Random":[47],"Forest":[48],"(RF),":[49],"Classification":[50],"Tree":[51],"Analysis":[52],"(CTA),":[53],"Support":[55],"Vector":[56],"Machine":[57],"(SVM).":[58],"The":[59,100,123,136,153,191],"inputs":[61],"are":[62],"sunglint-free":[63],"bands,":[64,68,72],"water":[65],"column":[66],"corrected":[67],"Principle":[69],"Component":[70],"(PC)":[71],"bathymetry,":[73],"slope":[76],"underwater":[78],"topography.":[79],"Kemujan":[80],"Island":[81],"used":[83],"model,":[87],"while":[88],"Karimunjawa,":[89],"Menjangan":[90,93],"Besar,":[91],"Kecil":[94],"Islands":[95],"served":[96],"as":[97],"test":[98],"results":[101],"obtained":[102],"indicated":[103],"that":[104,168],"RF":[105,127,156],"more":[107,177],"accurate":[108],"than":[109],"any":[110],"other":[111,165],"algorithm":[113],"based":[114],"on":[115],"statistics":[117],"habitats":[120],"spatial":[121],"distribution.":[122],"maximum":[124],"accuracy":[125],"94.17%":[129],"(4":[130],"classes)":[131],"88.54%":[133],"(14":[134],"classes).":[135],"accuracies":[137],"from":[138],"RF,":[139],"CTA,":[140],"SVM":[142],"were":[143],"consistent":[144],"across":[145],"input":[147],"bands":[148],"for":[149],"each":[150],"scheme.":[152],"application":[154],"areas":[166],"revealed":[167],"it":[169],"is":[170],"recommended":[171],"make":[173],"use":[174,204],"general":[178],"scheme":[180],"order":[182],"avoid":[184],"several":[185],"issues":[186],"regarding":[187],"variations.":[190],"result":[192],"also":[193],"established":[194],"possibility":[196],"a":[199],"without":[202],"training":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}