{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2936517889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070864","title":"Unsupervised Feature-Learning for Hyperspectral Data with Autoencoders","display_name":"Unsupervised Feature-Learning for Hyperspectral Data with Autoencoders","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2936517889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070864","mag":"2936517889"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11070864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070864","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/864/pdf?version=1554890949","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/864/pdf?version=1554890949","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065435795","display_name":"Lloyd Windrim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2230-0632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127558","display_name":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision","ror":"https://ror.org/02zv9xv82","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lloyd Windrim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558","https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006421834","display_name":"Rishi Ramakrishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4728-4875"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rishi Ramakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baymatob Operations Pty Ltd, Leichhardt, Sydney 2040, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baymatob Operations Pty Ltd, Leichhardt, Sydney 2040, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030234520","display_name":"Arman Melkumyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9211-4141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127558","display_name":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision","ror":"https://ror.org/02zv9xv82","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arman Melkumyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558","https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101945184","display_name":"Richard J. Murphy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3201-4768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127558","display_name":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision","ror":"https://ror.org/02zv9xv82","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard J. Murphy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558","https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014731691","display_name":"Anna Chlingaryan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9332-7886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127558","display_name":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision","ror":"https://ror.org/02zv9xv82","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Chlingaryan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558","https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065435795"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602","https://openalex.org/I4210127558"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.6422,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95227102,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"7","first_page":"864","last_page":"864"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8703358173370361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.7980992197990417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7152602672576904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.6727122664451599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6646319627761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6475159525871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6421763300895691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.6352454423904419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.556842029094696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.5010862350463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3707340955734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.262792706489563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8703358173370361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.7980992197990417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7152602672576904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.6727122664451599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6646319627761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6475159525871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6421763300895691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.6352454423904419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.556842029094696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.5010862350463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3707340955734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.262792706489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11070864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070864","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/864/pdf?version=1554890949","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:40bf3b395f254cfc988122515a3da14d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/40bf3b395f254cfc988122515a3da14d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 7, p 864 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/7/864/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11070864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 7; Pages: 864","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11070864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070864","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/864/pdf?version=1554890949","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323141","display_name":"Australian Centre for Field Robotics","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2936517889.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2936517889.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1608180792","https://openalex.org/W1976359033","https://openalex.org/W1981560676","https://openalex.org/W1990895816","https://openalex.org/W1994414533","https://openalex.org/W2004104348","https://openalex.org/W2006603039","https://openalex.org/W2008997342","https://openalex.org/W2009539575","https://openalex.org/W2010319424","https://openalex.org/W2014798658","https://openalex.org/W2017257315","https://openalex.org/W2027147487","https://openalex.org/W2029316659","https://openalex.org/W2033403400","https://openalex.org/W2051434435","https://openalex.org/W2098057602","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2110782084","https://openalex.org/W2110798204","https://openalex.org/W2116931356","https://openalex.org/W2118996198","https://openalex.org/W2122538988","https://openalex.org/W2125310307","https://openalex.org/W2127218421","https://openalex.org/W2142013466","https://openalex.org/W2156005575","https://openalex.org/W2160305377","https://openalex.org/W2166576238","https://openalex.org/W2166632292","https://openalex.org/W2167685974","https://openalex.org/W2169070378","https://openalex.org/W2169877324","https://openalex.org/W2341545927","https://openalex.org/W2418106930","https://openalex.org/W2474216138","https://openalex.org/W2513880407","https://openalex.org/W2752509951","https://openalex.org/W2757208835","https://openalex.org/W2764108700","https://openalex.org/W2782517840","https://openalex.org/W2963867710","https://openalex.org/W3105265400","https://openalex.org/W4235169531","https://openalex.org/W4237280149","https://openalex.org/W6676481782","https://openalex.org/W6677508755","https://openalex.org/W6685154513","https://openalex.org/W6704443453"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2983142544","https://openalex.org/W2891059443","https://openalex.org/W4281663961","https://openalex.org/W3208888551","https://openalex.org/W4313561566","https://openalex.org/W3208386644","https://openalex.org/W4389832810","https://openalex.org/W4220682630","https://openalex.org/W3181622257","https://openalex.org/W3163146846"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,37,100],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2,102],"novel":[3],"autoencoders":[4,162],"for":[5,40,94,141,174],"unsupervised":[6,103,151,175],"feature-learning":[7,95,152],"from":[8,109],"hyperspectral":[9,46,81,176],"data.":[10,36],"Hyperspectral":[11],"data":[12,26,47,60,82],"typically":[13],"have":[14],"many":[15,25,75],"dimensions":[16],"and":[17],"a":[18,62,92,142],"significant":[19],"amount":[20,78],"of":[21,34,79,117,129],"variability":[22],"such":[23],"that":[24,50,83,105,161],"points":[27],"are":[28,124,147],"required":[29],"to":[30,97],"represent":[31],"the":[32,35,45,52,59,66,77,110,114,127,169],"distribution":[33],"poses":[38],"challenges":[39],"higher-level":[41],"algorithms":[42,96],"which":[43],"use":[44],"(e.g.,":[48],"those":[49,167],"map":[51],"environment).":[53],"Feature-learning":[54],"mitigates":[55],"this":[56],"by":[57],"projecting":[58],"into":[61,113],"lower-dimensional":[63],"space":[64],"where":[65,145],"important":[67],"information":[68],"is":[69,87,91],"either":[70],"preserved":[71],"or":[72],"enhanced.":[73],"In":[74],"applications,":[76],"labelled":[80],"can":[84],"be":[85,98],"acquired":[86],"limited.":[88],"Hence,":[89],"there":[90],"need":[93],"unsupervised.":[99],"work":[101],"techniques":[104,123],"incorporate":[106],"spectral":[107,164],"measures":[108,165],"remote-sensing":[111],"literature":[112],"objective":[115,172],"functions":[116],"autoencoder":[118],"feature":[119,131],"learners.":[120],"The":[121,158],"proposed":[122],"evaluated":[125],"on":[126,136,154],"separability":[128],"their":[130,137],"spaces":[132],"as":[133,135,139],"well":[134],"application":[138],"features":[140],"clustering":[143],"task,":[144],"they":[146],"compared":[148],"against":[149],"other":[150],"approaches":[153],"several":[155],"different":[156],"datasets.":[157],"results":[159],"show":[160],"using":[163,168],"outperform":[166],"standard":[170],"squared-error":[171],"function":[173],"feature-learning.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2019-04-25T00:00:00"}