{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2922225410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11060631","title":"R-CNN-Based Ship Detection from High Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery","display_name":"R-CNN-Based Ship Detection from High Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2922225410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11060631","mag":"2922225410"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11060631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11060631","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/6/631/pdf?version=1552623833","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/6/631/pdf?version=1552623833","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040425424","display_name":"Shaoming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8040-3894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying, Mapping and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying, Mapping and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062136512","display_name":"Ruize Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2907-7880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruize Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying, Mapping and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying, Mapping and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054160473","display_name":"Kunyuan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2364-8200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunyuan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying, Mapping and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying, Mapping and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012164805","display_name":"Jianmei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1100-6750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianmei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying, Mapping and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying, Mapping and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101740142","display_name":"Weiwei Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1588-3534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012164805"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":10.1144,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":195,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98529296,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"631","last_page":"631"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12624","display_name":"Maritime and Coastal Archaeology","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8063099980354309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7394174337387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6691634654998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5997166037559509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5454138517379761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.48861271142959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4811317026615143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.4681891202926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.45409339666366577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45268526673316956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.43138161301612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.15217244625091553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09944689273834229}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8063099980354309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7394174337387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6691634654998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5997166037559509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5454138517379761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.48861271142959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4811317026615143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.4681891202926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.45409339666366577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45268526673316956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43138161301612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.15217244625091553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09944689273834229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11060631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11060631","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/6/631/pdf?version=1552623833","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:801f005916d84e099207fee7cfba1586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/801f005916d84e099207fee7cfba1586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 6, p 631 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/6/631/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11060631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 6; Pages: 631","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11060631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11060631","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/6/631/pdf?version=1552623833","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1223834243","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16DZ1100701","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4353192804","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB0505400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","ror":"https://ror.org/03kt66j61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2922225410.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2922225410.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1970782782","https://openalex.org/W1976408326","https://openalex.org/W2003059629","https://openalex.org/W2012273471","https://openalex.org/W2017052129","https://openalex.org/W2029316659","https://openalex.org/W2034875816","https://openalex.org/W2048250827","https://openalex.org/W2061200049","https://openalex.org/W2066916495","https://openalex.org/W2081111377","https://openalex.org/W2085625911","https://openalex.org/W2094236270","https://openalex.org/W2096812893","https://openalex.org/W2100503224","https://openalex.org/W2120419212","https://openalex.org/W2137019224","https://openalex.org/W2150399513","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2167220279","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2293724088","https://openalex.org/W2337897552","https://openalex.org/W2547578938","https://openalex.org/W2550157261","https://openalex.org/W2551083396","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2606069862","https://openalex.org/W2608595117","https://openalex.org/W2617965156","https://openalex.org/W2632026579","https://openalex.org/W2755447448","https://openalex.org/W2773517595","https://openalex.org/W2791979332","https://openalex.org/W2808374747","https://openalex.org/W2892719431","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W6654530083","https://openalex.org/W6674549047"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090763504","https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W2366906938","https://openalex.org/W2349391998","https://openalex.org/W4205655149","https://openalex.org/W2000775715","https://openalex.org/W148178222","https://openalex.org/W2104657898","https://openalex.org/W1948992892","https://openalex.org/W2969228573"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Offshore":[0],"and":[1,15,37,49,67,78,110,160,171,188,231,237,253,258,270],"inland":[2,47,271],"river":[3,272],"ship":[4,23,139,210,273],"detection":[5,24,55,124,140,156,168,211,223,274],"has":[6],"been":[7],"studied":[8],"on":[9,27,46,58,65,143,150,192,276],"both":[10],"synthetic":[11],"aperture":[12],"radar":[13],"(SAR)":[14],"optical":[16,59,100],"remote":[17,93,101,278],"sensing":[18,94,102,279],"imagery.":[19,95,280],"However,":[20],"the":[21,41,73,112,122,155,173,206,213,225,233],"classic":[22,54,209],"methods":[25,56],"based":[26,57,142,275],"SAR":[28],"images":[29,60,103,113],"can":[30],"cause":[31],"a":[32,80,105,115,144,193,198,250,264],"high":[33],"false":[34],"alarm":[35],"ratio":[36],"be":[38],"influenced":[39],"by":[40,183],"sea":[42],"surface":[43],"model,":[44],"especially":[45],"rivers":[48],"in":[50,197],"offshore":[51,269],"areas.":[52],"The":[53],"do":[61],"not":[62],"perform":[63],"well":[64],"small":[66,127,159,256],"gathering":[68,161,259],"ships.":[69,135,260],"This":[70],"paper":[71],"adopts":[72],"idea":[74],"of":[75,107,129,158,175],"deep":[76],"networks":[77],"presents":[79],"fast":[81],"regional-based":[82],"convolutional":[83,146,178,186],"neural":[84,147,179],"network":[85,148,180,201],"(R-CNN)":[86,149],"method":[87,248,267],"to":[88,120],"detect":[89],"ships":[90,257],"from":[91],"high-resolution":[92,277],"First,":[96],"we":[97,137,163,204],"choose":[98],"GaoFen-2":[99],"with":[104,114],"resolution":[106],"1":[108],"m":[109],"preprocess":[111],"support":[116],"vector":[117],"machine":[118],"(SVM)":[119],"divide":[121],"large":[123],"area":[125],"into":[126],"regions":[128],"interest":[130],"(ROI)":[131],"that":[132,244],"may":[133],"contain":[134],"Then,":[136],"apply":[138],"algorithms":[141],"region-based":[145],"ROI":[151,190],"images.":[152],"To":[153],"improve":[154,172],"result":[157],"ships,":[162],"adopt":[164],"an":[165],"effective":[166,208,266],"target":[167,222],"framework,":[169],"Faster-RCNN,":[170,236],"structure":[174],"its":[176],"original":[177,234],"(CNN),":[181],"VGG16,":[182],"using":[184],"multiresolution":[185],"features":[187],"performing":[189],"pooling":[191],"larger":[194],"feature":[195],"map":[196],"region":[199],"proposal":[200],"(RPN).":[202],"Finally,":[203],"compare":[205],"most":[207],"method,":[212],"deformable":[214],"part":[215],"model":[216],"(DPM),":[217],"another":[218],"two":[219],"widely":[220],"used":[221],"frameworks,":[224],"single":[226],"shot":[227],"multibox":[228],"detector":[229],"(SSD)":[230],"YOLOv2,":[232],"VGG16-based":[235],"our":[238,245],"improved":[239,246],"Faster-RCNN.":[240],"Experimental":[241],"results":[242],"show":[243],"Faster-RCNN":[247],"achieves":[249],"higher":[251],"recall":[252],"accuracy":[254],"for":[255,268],"Therefore,":[261],"it":[262],"provides":[263],"very":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
