{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2921709033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050559","title":"Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Non-Convex Optimization with Lp-Norm Constraint","display_name":"Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Non-Convex Optimization with Lp-Norm Constraint","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2921709033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050559","mag":"2921709033"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11050559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050559","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/5/559/pdf?version=1551959117","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/5/559/pdf?version=1551959117","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101400968","display_name":"Tianfang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2084-6383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianfang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022976382","display_name":"Hao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8052-7707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041481220","display_name":"Yuhan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4328-6427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012397811","display_name":"Lingbing Peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingbing Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001273302","display_name":"Chunping Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunping Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016112252","display_name":"Zhenming Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-3331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenming Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Information Geoscience, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Information Geoscience, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016112252"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":101.0479,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":159,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99904959,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"5","first_page":"559","last_page":"559"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6080998182296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norm","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","score":0.5939741134643555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.5380977988243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5212831497192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5202494859695435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.4825124740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.48145216703414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.46557754278182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4368186593055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.42465266585350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3687712550163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2802507281303406}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6080998182296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5939741134643555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.5380977988243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5212831497192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5202494859695435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.4825124740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.48145216703414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.46557754278182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4368186593055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.42465266585350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3687712550163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2802507281303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11050559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050559","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/5/559/pdf?version=1551959117","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:782cf0c5dafb442482fc81f87b119c84","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/782cf0c5dafb442482fc81f87b119c84","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 5, p 559 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/5/559/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11050559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 5; Pages: 559","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11050559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050559","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/5/559/pdf?version=1551959117","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5056200077","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61571096, 61775030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2921709033.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2921709033.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966661320","https://openalex.org/W1973397215","https://openalex.org/W1974872009","https://openalex.org/W1978993121","https://openalex.org/W1981607236","https://openalex.org/W1999136078","https://openalex.org/W2004544971","https://openalex.org/W2006262236","https://openalex.org/W2016672713","https://openalex.org/W2029123123","https://openalex.org/W2032135614","https://openalex.org/W2041560658","https://openalex.org/W2041646550","https://openalex.org/W2041888557","https://openalex.org/W2046300429","https://openalex.org/W2047485251","https://openalex.org/W2051129275","https://openalex.org/W2062214142","https://openalex.org/W2080197848","https://openalex.org/W2084983808","https://openalex.org/W2098004870","https://openalex.org/W2103972604","https://openalex.org/W2117675177","https://openalex.org/W2118702465","https://openalex.org/W2139356527","https://openalex.org/W2164084182","https://openalex.org/W2168745297","https://openalex.org/W2187214659","https://openalex.org/W2271808722","https://openalex.org/W2291670705","https://openalex.org/W2341998679","https://openalex.org/W2346388536","https://openalex.org/W2407220925","https://openalex.org/W2470036451","https://openalex.org/W2472688184","https://openalex.org/W2480706550","https://openalex.org/W2499656830","https://openalex.org/W2578504242","https://openalex.org/W2604768956","https://openalex.org/W2608358103","https://openalex.org/W2741058951","https://openalex.org/W2745102798","https://openalex.org/W2747482241","https://openalex.org/W2774646044","https://openalex.org/W2782405382","https://openalex.org/W2900678331","https://openalex.org/W2912919760","https://openalex.org/W3100203369","https://openalex.org/W3209518742","https://openalex.org/W4235713725","https://openalex.org/W4237430004","https://openalex.org/W4292363360","https://openalex.org/W6656866179","https://openalex.org/W6696861738","https://openalex.org/W6741474464","https://openalex.org/W6747704076"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2756132392","https://openalex.org/W3035814349","https://openalex.org/W2084892497","https://openalex.org/W4285101096","https://openalex.org/W4320477335","https://openalex.org/W2518949622","https://openalex.org/W4382725876","https://openalex.org/W2115614142","https://openalex.org/W2275184629","https://openalex.org/W1561889708"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,46,110],"infrared":[1,15,33,77],"search":[2],"and":[3,11,85,120,125,135],"track":[4],"(IRST)":[5],"system":[6],"has":[7,19],"been":[8],"widely":[9],"used,":[10],"the":[12,50,59,65,76,90,107,118,123,126,129],"field":[13],"of":[14,94,128],"small":[16,34],"target":[17,35,119],"detection":[18,36,133],"also":[20],"received":[21],"much":[22],"attention.":[23],"Based":[24],"on":[25,39,61],"this":[26,28,98],"background,":[27,124],"paper":[29],"proposes":[30],"a":[31,71,82],"novel":[32],"method":[37,48,93,131],"based":[38],"non-convex":[40,72],"optimization":[41,73],"with":[42,54],"Lp-norm":[43,55],"constraint":[44,53],"(NOLC).":[45],"NOLC":[47,114,130],"strengthens":[49],"sparse":[51],"item":[52],"while":[56],"appropriately":[57],"scaling":[58],"constraints":[60],"low-rank":[62],"item,":[63],"so":[64],"NP-hard":[66],"problem":[67],"is":[68,79,86,103],"transformed":[69],"into":[70,81],"problem.":[74],"First,":[75],"image":[78,84],"converted":[80],"patch":[83],"secondly":[87],"solved":[88],"by":[89,105],"alternating":[91],"direction":[92],"multipliers":[95],"(ADMM).":[96],"In":[97],"paper,":[99],"an":[100],"efficient":[101],"solver":[102],"given":[104],"improving":[106],"convergence":[108],"strategy.":[109],"experiment":[111],"shows":[112],"that":[113],"can":[115],"accurately":[116],"detect":[117],"greatly":[121],"suppress":[122],"advantages":[127],"in":[132],"efficiency":[134,137],"computational":[136],"are":[138],"verified.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T08:17:26.163206","created_date":"2019-03-22T00:00:00"}
