{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2915744701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050485","title":"Drought Evaluation with CMORPH Satellite Precipitation Data in the Yellow River Basin by Using Gridded Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index","display_name":"Drought Evaluation with CMORPH Satellite Precipitation Data in the Yellow River Basin by Using Gridded Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2915744701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050485","mag":"2915744701"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11050485","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050485","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/5/485/pdf?version=1551254578","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/5/485/pdf?version=1551254578","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455810","display_name":"Fei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2708-9063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087718326","display_name":"Haibo Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8794-1476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haibo Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114859251","display_name":"Zongmin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7480-412X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zongmin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101879702","display_name":"Zezhong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7836-5809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198645480","display_name":"North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/03acrzv41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zezhong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007427445","display_name":"Zhenhong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4187-6243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenhong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087718326"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.9402,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93693648,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"5","first_page":"485","last_page":"485"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.782427966594696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evapotranspiration","display_name":"Evapotranspiration","score":0.7231577038764954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.6176279783248901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-distribution","display_name":"Spatial distribution","score":0.46393755078315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.4421551823616028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4099588096141815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3767431676387787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.13943836092948914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09056878089904785}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.782427966594696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176783924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828158","display_name":"Evapotranspiration","level":2,"score":0.7231577038764954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.6176279783248901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777016058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574061","display_name":"Spatial distribution","level":2,"score":0.46393755078315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4421551823616028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4099588096141815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3767431676387787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13943836092948914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09056878089904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11050485","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050485","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/5/485/pdf?version=1551254578","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2ef9b014fcf94c7ebaf18fae95626ca1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2ef9b014fcf94c7ebaf18fae95626ca1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 5, p 485 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprint.ncl.ac.uk:255430","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/5/485/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11050485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 5; Pages: 485","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11050485","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050485","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/5/485/pdf?version=1551254578","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3929765731","display_name":"DRIER-China: Drought Resilience In Ecosystem services and Rural communities in China.","funder_award_id":"NE/P015484/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4762685294","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IWHR-SKL-201701","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322723","funder_display_name":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5167091242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5219932531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201701","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5760752404","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Projects","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6390498991","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51779093","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6461080408","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/P015484/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","funder_display_name":"Sight Research UK"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7772154290","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/P015484/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","display_name":"Sight Research UK","ror":"https://ror.org/03z2py885"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322723","display_name":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00m4czf33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326986","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336617","display_name":"Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2915744701.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2915744701.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W307329389","https://openalex.org/W1262660054","https://openalex.org/W1471742899","https://openalex.org/W1514821802","https://openalex.org/W1588199605","https://openalex.org/W1848480300","https://openalex.org/W1963788570","https://openalex.org/W1966838443","https://openalex.org/W1974428179","https://openalex.org/W1978509647","https://openalex.org/W1980079746","https://openalex.org/W2010808861","https://openalex.org/W2017630139","https://openalex.org/W2031772267","https://openalex.org/W2049899966","https://openalex.org/W2058673275","https://openalex.org/W2062698821","https://openalex.org/W2065769799","https://openalex.org/W2073054268","https://openalex.org/W2077968790","https://openalex.org/W2091642217","https://openalex.org/W2095679326","https://openalex.org/W2101394945","https://openalex.org/W2116242729","https://openalex.org/W2129864604","https://openalex.org/W2154858322","https://openalex.org/W2215245766","https://openalex.org/W2306941978","https://openalex.org/W2319130389","https://openalex.org/W2342905163","https://openalex.org/W2407551443","https://openalex.org/W2426304863","https://openalex.org/W2520203883","https://openalex.org/W2589668418","https://openalex.org/W2604823824","https://openalex.org/W2606420190","https://openalex.org/W2773928770","https://openalex.org/W2776399454","https://openalex.org/W2789226993","https://openalex.org/W2791785847","https://openalex.org/W2793054880","https://openalex.org/W2801305392","https://openalex.org/W2803608029","https://openalex.org/W2881583044","https://openalex.org/W2884242447","https://openalex.org/W2888553091","https://openalex.org/W2891631251","https://openalex.org/W2892916211","https://openalex.org/W2896205567","https://openalex.org/W2896394184","https://openalex.org/W2899762099","https://openalex.org/W2900009057","https://openalex.org/W2900676627","https://openalex.org/W2902056452","https://openalex.org/W2908586585","https://openalex.org/W3125678263","https://openalex.org/W3145489543","https://openalex.org/W3212386987","https://openalex.org/W6629601743","https://openalex.org/W6666023388","https://openalex.org/W6688746760","https://openalex.org/W6736492268","https://openalex.org/W6749815210"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2354666346","https://openalex.org/W2364012965","https://openalex.org/W2393428874","https://openalex.org/W2389564432","https://openalex.org/W2072143132","https://openalex.org/W2083002118","https://openalex.org/W3133998351","https://openalex.org/W2369259517","https://openalex.org/W2374724699","https://openalex.org/W2385562740"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,132,183],"traditional":[1],"station-based":[2],"drought":[3,25,29,85,120,170,193,243,250,282],"index":[4],"is":[5],"vulnerable":[6],"because":[7],"of":[8,13,52,70,83,229,245,255,272],"the":[9,14,50,64,67,71,81,90,107,118,123,146,159,168,176,188,196,210,221,226,236,241,246,249,256,281,288,302],"inadequate":[10],"spatial":[11,68,148],"distribution":[12,69],"station,":[15],"and":[16,55,74,215,219,266,276,279,295,297,304],"also,":[17],"it":[18],"does":[19],"not":[20],"fully":[21],"reflect":[22,240],"large-scale,":[23],"dynamic":[24],"information.":[26],"Thus,":[27],"large-scale":[28],"monitoring":[30],"has":[31],"been":[32],"widely":[33],"implemented":[34],"by":[35,106,263],"using":[36,198],"remote":[37,45,102,164],"sensing":[38,46,103],"precipitation":[39,47,200],"products.":[40],"Compared":[41],"with":[42,205,268],"station":[43,143],"data,":[44,58,201],"products":[48],"have":[49],"advantages":[51],"wide":[53],"coverage":[54],"dynamic,":[56],"continuous":[57],"which":[59,202,233],"can":[60],"effectively":[61],"compensate":[62],"for":[63,80,192],"deficiency":[65],"in":[66,114,122,155,195,252,260,291],"ground":[72],"stations":[73],"provide":[75],"a":[76,84,101,298],"new":[77],"data":[78,144,152],"source":[79],"calculation":[82],"index.":[86],"In":[87],"this":[88],"study,":[89],"Gridded":[91],"Standardized":[92],"Precipitation":[93],"Evapotranspiration":[94],"Index":[95],"(GSPEI)":[96],"was":[97,138,190,217,258],"proposed":[98],"based":[99,174],"on":[100,175,287,301],"dataset":[104],"produced":[105],"Climate":[108],"Prediction":[109],"Center":[110],"morphing":[111],"technique":[112],"(CMORPH),":[113],"order":[115,156],"to":[116,130,140,145,157,163],"evaluate":[117],"gridded":[119,169,242],"characteristics":[121,244],"Yellow":[124],"River":[125],"basin":[126],"(YRB)":[127],"from":[128],"1998":[129],"2016.":[131],"optimal":[133],"Ordinary":[134],"Kriging":[135],"interpolation":[136],"method":[137],"selected":[139],"interpolate":[141],"meteorological":[142,161,207],"same":[147],"resolution":[149],"as":[150],"CMORPH":[151,199],"(8":[153],"km),":[154],"compare":[158],"ground-based":[160,206],"parameters":[162],"sensing-based":[165],"data.":[166],"Additionally,":[167],"trends":[171],"were":[172,203],"identified":[173],"Modified":[177],"Mann\u2013Kendall":[178],"(MMK)":[179],"trend":[180,286,300],"test":[181,228],"method.":[182],"results":[184],"indicated":[185,234],"that:":[186],"(1)":[187],"GSPEI":[189,214,237,271],"suitable":[191],"evaluation":[194],"YRB":[197,257],"consistent":[204],"data;":[208],"(2)":[209],"positive":[211],"correlation":[212,222],"between":[213],"SPEI":[216],"high,":[218],"all":[220],"coefficients":[223],"(CCs)":[224],"passed":[225],"significance":[227],"\u03b1":[230],"=":[231],"0.05,":[232],"that":[235],"could":[238],"better":[239],"YRB;":[247],"(3)":[248],"severity":[251],"each":[253],"season":[254],"highest":[259],"summer,":[261],"followed":[262],"spring,":[264],"autumn,":[265],"winter,":[267],"an":[269,284],"average":[270],"\u22121.51,":[273],"\u22120.09,":[274],"0.30,":[275],"1.33,":[277],"respectively;":[278],"(4)":[280],"showed":[283],"increasing":[285],"monthly":[289],"scale":[290],"March,":[292],"May,":[293],"August,":[294],"October,":[296],"decreasing":[299],"seasonal":[303],"annual":[305],"scale.":[306]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-20T07:46:08.049788","created_date":"2019-03-02T00:00:00"}
