{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2914897861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030229","title":"Generation of a Large-Scale Surface Sediment Classification Map Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Data: A Case Study at the Hwang-do Tidal Flat, Korea","display_name":"Generation of a Large-Scale Surface Sediment Classification Map Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Data: A Case Study at the Hwang-do Tidal Flat, Korea","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2914897861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030229","mag":"2914897861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11030229","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030229","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/3/229/pdf?version=1548412922","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/3/229/pdf?version=1548412922","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016730731","display_name":"Kye-Lim Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8089-0992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133437993","display_name":"Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/032m55064","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133437993"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kye-Lim Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ocean Environmental System Science, UST, 217, Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea","Korea Ocean Satellite Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan 49111, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ocean Environmental System Science, UST, 217, Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Ocean Satellite Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan 49111, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133437993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100544619","display_name":"Bum-Jun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0466-351X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133437993","display_name":"Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/032m55064","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133437993"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bum-Jun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Ocean Satellite Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan 49111, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Ocean Satellite Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan 49111, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133437993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112262659","display_name":"Yoon-Kyung Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoon-Kyung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geoinfomation Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geoinfomation Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102416543","display_name":"Joo\u2010Hyung Ryu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4514-5214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133437993","display_name":"Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/032m55064","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133437993"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joo-Hyung Ryu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ocean Environmental System Science, UST, 217, Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea","Korea Ocean Satellite Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan 49111, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ocean Environmental System Science, UST, 217, Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Ocean Satellite Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan 49111, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133437993"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102416543"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133437993"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.2352,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85895575,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"229","last_page":"229"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10779","display_name":"Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12383","display_name":"Aeolian processes and effects","score":0.9332000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sediment","display_name":"Sediment","score":0.7155806422233582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.630069375038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intertidal-zone","display_name":"Intertidal zone","score":0.5696116089820862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5539634227752686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sedimentation","display_name":"Sedimentation","score":0.4939578175544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-photography","display_name":"Aerial photography","score":0.47438743710517883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.43556997179985046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erosion","display_name":"Erosion","score":0.43064090609550476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3860132396221161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.22114038467407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.11635085940361023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.11411786079406738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07181099057197571}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2816523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180184","display_name":"Sediment","level":2,"score":0.7155806422233582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.630069375038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174580923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421069","display_name":"Intertidal zone","level":2,"score":0.5696116089820862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5539634227752686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29941650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635485","display_name":"Sedimentation","level":3,"score":0.4939578175544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133214962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191839","display_name":"Aerial photography","level":2,"score":0.47438743710517883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.43556997179985046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123157820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80026","display_name":"Erosion","level":2,"score":0.43064090609550476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3860132396221161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.22114038467407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.11635085940361023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.11411786079406738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07181099057197571}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11030229","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030229","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/3/229/pdf?version=1548412922","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d329754785b24a2e943822b44381dfda","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d329754785b24a2e943822b44381dfda","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 3, p 229 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/3/229/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11030229","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11030229","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030229","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/3/229/pdf?version=1548412922","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2520597951","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PE99605","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324117","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8263215359","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PE99398","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324117","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322011","display_name":"Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries","ror":"https://ror.org/00c5s4a53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324117","display_name":"Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/032m55064"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2914897861.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2914897861.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W209753102","https://openalex.org/W1970647949","https://openalex.org/W1973396755","https://openalex.org/W1978495503","https://openalex.org/W1979198083","https://openalex.org/W2021390954","https://openalex.org/W2039595616","https://openalex.org/W2040125657","https://openalex.org/W2040206062","https://openalex.org/W2055090128","https://openalex.org/W2057321544","https://openalex.org/W2062717967","https://openalex.org/W2079543476","https://openalex.org/W2083667808","https://openalex.org/W2086557208","https://openalex.org/W2088874472","https://openalex.org/W2134207582","https://openalex.org/W2161273109","https://openalex.org/W2182951546","https://openalex.org/W2251698740","https://openalex.org/W2877947164","https://openalex.org/W3197713539","https://openalex.org/W6608536325","https://openalex.org/W6801041153"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3181180470","https://openalex.org/W2357096884","https://openalex.org/W2047123248","https://openalex.org/W3158828765","https://openalex.org/W2351447334","https://openalex.org/W1524929094","https://openalex.org/W2224383993","https://openalex.org/W2365017041","https://openalex.org/W4233500995","https://openalex.org/W2387862220"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tidal":[0],"flats":[1,33],"are":[2],"associated":[3],"with":[4,46,60,114,132,156,204,273],"complicated":[5],"depositional":[6],"and":[7,10,20,38,161,175,182,210,236,243,261],"ecological":[8],"environments,":[9],"have":[11,43],"changed":[12],"considerably":[13],"as":[14,179],"a":[15,115,122,205],"result":[16],"of":[17,49,64,80,188,202,208,233,270],"the":[18,27,47,76,98,189,216,231,240,257],"erosion":[19],"sedimentation":[21],"caused":[22,238],"by":[23,152,239,252],"tidal":[24,32,162,259],"energy;":[25],"consequently,":[26],"surface":[28,52,93,127,149,190,253,271],"sediment":[29,72,94,128,150,168,176,191,262,272],"distribution":[30,95,151],"in":[31,112,130],"must":[34],"be":[35],"constantly":[36],"monitored":[37],"mapped.":[39],"Although":[40],"several":[41],"studies":[42,66,86],"been":[44],"conducted":[45],"aim":[48],"classifying":[50],"intertidal":[51],"sediments":[53],"using":[54,135,278],"various":[55,71],"remote":[56],"sensing":[57],"methods":[58],"combined":[59],"field":[61,116],"survey,":[62],"most":[63],"these":[65,195],"were":[67,87,227,250],"unable":[68,88],"to":[69,75,89,120,215,230,256],"consider":[70],"types,":[73],"due":[74,229],"low":[77],"spatial":[78],"resolution":[79],"remotely":[81],"sensed":[82],"data.":[83],"Therefore,":[84,164],"previous":[85],"efficiently":[90],"describe":[91],"precise":[92],"maps.":[96],"In":[97],"present":[99],"study,":[100],"unmanned":[101],"aerial":[102],"vehicle":[103],"(UAV)":[104],"red,":[105],"green,":[106],"blue":[107],"(RGB)":[108],"orthoimagery":[109],"was":[110],"used":[111],"combination":[113],"survey":[117],"(232":[118],"samples)":[119],"produce":[121],"large-scale":[123,268],"classification":[124,192,269],"map":[125],"for":[126],"distribution,":[129],"accordance":[131],"sedimentology":[133],"standards,":[134],"an":[136,143,199],"object-based":[137,140],"method.":[138],"The":[139,185],"method":[141],"is":[142,276],"effective":[144],"technique":[145],"that":[146,224,267],"can":[147],"classify":[148],"analyzing":[153],"its":[154],"correlations":[155],"spectral":[157,173],"reflectance,":[158],"grain":[159,180],"size,":[160],"channels.":[163],"we":[165],"distinguished":[166],"six":[167,196],"types":[169,197],"based":[170,193],"on":[171,194],"their":[172],"reflectance":[174],"properties,":[177],"such":[178],"composition":[181],"statistical":[183],"parameters.":[184],"accuracy":[186,201,275],"assessment":[187],"indicated":[198],"overall":[200],"72.8%,":[203],"kappa":[206],"coefficient":[207],"0.62":[209],"5-m":[211],"error":[212],"range":[213],"related":[214,255],"Global":[217],"Positioning":[218],"System":[219],"(GPS)":[220],"device.":[221],"We":[222],"found":[223],"11":[225],"samples":[226,249],"misclassified":[228,248],"effects":[232],"sun":[234],"glint":[235],"cloud":[237],"UAV":[241,279],"system":[242],"shellfish":[244],"beds,":[245],"while":[246],"14":[247],"influenced":[251],"water":[254],"elevation,":[258],"channels,":[260],"properties.":[263],"These":[264],"results":[265],"indicate":[266],"high":[274],"possible":[277],"RGB":[280],"orthoimagery.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
