{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2782233222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10010058","title":"Incorporation of Satellite Data and Uncertainty in a Nationwide Groundwater Recharge Model in New Zealand","display_name":"Incorporation of Satellite Data and Uncertainty in a Nationwide Groundwater Recharge Model in New Zealand","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2782233222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10010058","mag":"2782233222"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10010058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10010058","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/1/58/pdf?version=1514988654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/1/58/pdf?version=1514988654","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001220119","display_name":"Rogier Westerhoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1867-3110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103266","display_name":"Deltares","ror":"https://ror.org/01deh9c76","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103266"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11886867","display_name":"GNS Science","ror":"https://ror.org/03vaqfv64","country_code":"NZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11886867","https://openalex.org/I4405259964"]}],"countries":["NL","NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rogier Westerhoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deltares, Delft, 2600 MH, The Netherlands","GNS Science, Taupo, 3352, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deltares, Delft, 2600 MH, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103266"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNS Science, Taupo, 3352, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11886867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091190082","display_name":"Paul White","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9092-9432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11886867","display_name":"GNS Science","ror":"https://ror.org/03vaqfv64","country_code":"NZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11886867","https://openalex.org/I4405259964"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul White","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNS Science, Taupo, 3352, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNS Science, Taupo, 3352, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11886867"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001193334","display_name":"Zara Rawlinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9202-2706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11886867","display_name":"GNS Science","ror":"https://ror.org/03vaqfv64","country_code":"NZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11886867","https://openalex.org/I4405259964"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zara Rawlinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNS Science, Taupo, 3352, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNS Science, Taupo, 3352, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11886867"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001220119"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11886867","https://openalex.org/I4210103266"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.0668,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76946677,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"58","last_page":"58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-recharge","display_name":"Groundwater recharge","score":0.9762669801712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evapotranspiration","display_name":"Evapotranspiration","score":0.7446398138999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5934942364692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.5794591903686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater","display_name":"Groundwater","score":0.4883370101451874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lysimeter","display_name":"Lysimeter","score":0.4724807143211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.46917444467544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.43188297748565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.4152463972568512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.28458845615386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.21157777309417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aquifer","display_name":"Aquifer","score":0.20443415641784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.19002830982208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-water","display_name":"Soil water","score":0.13668015599250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.10352474451065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.07084318995475769}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174091901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670986","display_name":"Groundwater recharge","level":4,"score":0.9762669801712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176783924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828158","display_name":"Evapotranspiration","level":2,"score":0.7446398138999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5934942364692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.5794591903686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.4883370101451874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85871539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q734533","display_name":"Lysimeter","level":3,"score":0.4724807143211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.46917444467544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.43188297748565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.4152463972568512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.28458845615386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.21157777309417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75622301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208791","display_name":"Aquifer","level":3,"score":0.20443415641784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.19002830982208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.13668015599250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.10352474451065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07084318995475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10010058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10010058","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/1/58/pdf?version=1514988654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4aa96968385644f286e72a974da5ab1a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4aa96968385644f286e72a974da5ab1a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 1, p 58 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/1/58/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10010058","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 10; Issue 1; Pages: 58","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10010058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10010058","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/1/58/pdf?version=1514988654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4969603824","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No 603608, eartH2Observe","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311746","display_name":"University of Waikato","ror":"https://ror.org/013fsnh78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321983","display_name":"Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment","ror":"https://ror.org/02jtq1b51"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2782233222.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2782233222.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W98074464","https://openalex.org/W191610581","https://openalex.org/W234150263","https://openalex.org/W1199115878","https://openalex.org/W1548812122","https://openalex.org/W1591289697","https://openalex.org/W1600323028","https://openalex.org/W1795688558","https://openalex.org/W1958908491","https://openalex.org/W1966205003","https://openalex.org/W1975768883","https://openalex.org/W1980320347","https://openalex.org/W1980548846","https://openalex.org/W1985839444","https://openalex.org/W1991359408","https://openalex.org/W1992012555","https://openalex.org/W1992879962","https://openalex.org/W1993265721","https://openalex.org/W2041114666","https://openalex.org/W2041307865","https://openalex.org/W2050545266","https://openalex.org/W2058312673","https://openalex.org/W2068882021","https://openalex.org/W2071107814","https://openalex.org/W2073298425","https://openalex.org/W2083742543","https://openalex.org/W2104923199","https://openalex.org/W2106371033","https://openalex.org/W2112084935","https://openalex.org/W2119911758","https://openalex.org/W2122418732","https://openalex.org/W2129537345","https://openalex.org/W2132394621","https://openalex.org/W2139533848","https://openalex.org/W2158268769","https://openalex.org/W2518990051","https://openalex.org/W2521694018","https://openalex.org/W2571328444","https://openalex.org/W2598678332","https://openalex.org/W2620358161","https://openalex.org/W6609114288","https://openalex.org/W6635921520","https://openalex.org/W6726611437","https://openalex.org/W6734722637"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2526732096","https://openalex.org/W1996227453","https://openalex.org/W2387097233","https://openalex.org/W2921976897","https://openalex.org/W2547596733","https://openalex.org/W2271958688","https://openalex.org/W1503860464","https://openalex.org/W57047008","https://openalex.org/W79784333","https://openalex.org/W2151572272"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"nationwide":[1,102,209],"model":[2,44,103,118,150,185,222,291,345],"of":[3,18,29,34,50,94,140,152,172,212,245,256,271,276,294,298,306,308,321,338,344],"groundwater":[4,105,129],"recharge":[5,30,35,52,106,139,173,205,302,340],"for":[6,253,283,341],"New":[7,124],"Zealand":[8,125],"(NGRM),":[9],"as":[10],"described":[11],"in":[12,75,89,168,191,220,268,279,315],"this":[13],"paper,":[14],"demonstrated":[15],"the":[16,26,32,41,47,76,113,117,132,159,163,183,208,217,221,227,237,240,254,260,289,319,342],"benefits":[17],"satellite":[19,81,228,247],"data":[20,82,166,202,211,229,248],"and":[21,31,59,71,87,98,203,207,214,243,262,300,310,312],"global":[22],"models":[23,258,273],"to":[24,57,121,158,179,198,335],"improve":[25,231],"spatial":[27,170,232],"definition":[28],"estimation":[33],"uncertainty.":[36,238],"NGRM":[37,135,184,290],"was":[38],"inspired":[39],"by":[40,80],"global-scale":[42],"WaterGAP":[43,160],"but":[45,162],"with":[46,91,148,288,327],"key":[48],"development":[49],"rainfall":[51,213,309,339],"calculation":[53],"on":[54],"scales":[55],"relevant":[56],"national-":[58],"catchment-scale":[60],"studies":[61],"(i.e.,":[62,83],"a":[63,72,149],"1":[64,67],"km":[65,68],"\u00d7":[66],"cell":[69],"size":[70],"monthly":[73],"timestep":[74],"period":[77],"2000\u20132014)":[78],"provided":[79],"MODIS-derived":[84],"evapotranspiration,":[85],"AET":[86,314],"vegetation)":[88],"combination":[90],"national":[92,133],"datasets":[93],"rainfall,":[95],"elevation,":[96],"soil":[97],"geology.":[99],"The":[100],"resulting":[101],"calculates":[104],"estimates,":[107],"including":[108,274],"their":[109],"uncertainty,":[110,322],"consistent":[111],"across":[112],"country,":[114],"which":[115,224,323],"makes":[116],"unique":[119],"compared":[120,196],"all":[122,328],"other":[123],"estimates":[126,190,278,307],"targeted":[127],"towards":[128],"recharge.":[130],"At":[131],"scale,":[134],"estimated":[136],"an":[137],"average":[138],"2500":[141],"m":[142],"3":[143],"/s,":[144],"or":[145],"298":[146],"mm/year,":[147],"uncertainty":[151,176,219],"17%.":[153],"Those":[154],"results":[155],"were":[156],"similar":[157],"model,":[161],"improved":[164,269],"input":[165,210],"resulted":[167],"better":[169],"characteristics":[171,233],"estimates.":[174],"Multiple":[175],"analyses":[177],"led":[178],"these":[180,272],"main":[181],"conclusions:":[182],"could":[186,230],"give":[187,332],"valuable":[188],"initial":[189,277],"data-sparse":[192,280],"areas,":[193],"since":[194],"it":[195],"well":[197],"most":[199],"ground-observed":[200],"lysimeter":[201],"local":[204],"models;":[206],"geology":[215],"caused":[216],"largest":[218],"equation,":[223],"revealed":[225],"that":[226],"without":[234],"significantly":[235],"increasing":[236,241],"Clearly":[239],"volume":[242],"availability":[244],"large-scale":[246],"is":[249],"creating":[250],"more":[251],"opportunities":[252],"application":[255],"national-scale":[257],"at":[259],"catchment,":[261],"smaller,":[263],"scales.":[264],"This":[265],"should":[266,324,331],"result":[267],"utility":[270],"provision":[275],"areas.":[281,317],"Topics":[282],"future":[284,329],"collaborative":[285],"research":[286],"associated":[287,326],"include:":[292],"improvement":[293,305],"rainfall-runoff":[295],"models,":[296,330],"establishment":[297],"snowmelt":[299],"river":[301],"modules,":[303],"further":[304,333],"AET,":[311],"satellite-derived":[313],"irrigated":[316],"Importantly,":[318],"quantification":[320],"be":[325],"impetus":[334],"field":[336],"measurements":[337],"purpose":[343],"calibration.":[346]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
