{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131046765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan10010016","title":"Factor Optimization for the Design of Indoor Positioning Systems Using a Probability-Based Algorithm","display_name":"Factor Optimization for the Design of Indoor Positioning Systems Using a Probability-Based Algorithm","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131046765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan10010016","mag":"3131046765"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan10010016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan10010016","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/10/1/16/pdf?version=1613737514","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/10/1/16/pdf?version=1613737514","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060638093","display_name":"Br\u00e1ulio Henrique O. U. V. Pinto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-5609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62885914","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Amazonas","ror":"https://ror.org/02263ky35","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62885914"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Br\u00e1ulio Henrique O. U. V. Pinto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Amazonas, Brazil","Sidia Institute of Science and Technology, Manaus 69055-035, Amazonas, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-5609","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Amazonas, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62885914"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sidia Institute of Science and Technology, Manaus 69055-035, Amazonas, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061160251","display_name":"Hor\u00e1cio A.B.F. Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9777-3947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62885914","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Amazonas","ror":"https://ror.org/02263ky35","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62885914"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hor\u00e1cio A. B. F. de Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Amazonas, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9777-3947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Amazonas, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62885914"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033286636","display_name":"Eduardo Souto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0003-908X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62885914","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Amazonas","ror":"https://ror.org/02263ky35","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62885914"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo J. P. Souto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Amazonas, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Amazonas, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62885914"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060638093"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62885914"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":1.1184,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76762208,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"16","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.9516009092330933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.8643008470535278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8460268378257751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6680187582969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5201143026351929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.46503159403800964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.45716583728790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.4421963393688202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.44147995114326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-strength","display_name":"Signal strength","score":0.4166392683982849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4118845462799072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.12809336185455322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11320918798446655}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.9516009092330933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.8643008470535278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8460268378257751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6680187582969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5201143026351929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.46503159403800964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.45716583728790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4421963393688202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.44147995114326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176808163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105794","display_name":"Signal strength","level":3,"score":0.4166392683982849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4118845462799072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12809336185455322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11320918798446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan10010016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan10010016","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/10/1/16/pdf?version=1613737514","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:110e03d4c23441e88c1fe4af2b5871ea","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/110e03d4c23441e88c1fe4af2b5871ea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, Vol 10, Iss 1, p 16 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2224-2708/10/1/16/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan10010016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks; Volume 10; Issue 1; Pages: 16","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan10010016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan10010016","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/10/1/16/pdf?version=1613737514","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131046765.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W149472704","https://openalex.org/W1486158143","https://openalex.org/W1583833320","https://openalex.org/W1893431417","https://openalex.org/W1963996689","https://openalex.org/W1981373725","https://openalex.org/W1991807971","https://openalex.org/W2048406439","https://openalex.org/W2051376734","https://openalex.org/W2100989187","https://openalex.org/W2105243443","https://openalex.org/W2108482152","https://openalex.org/W2116990666","https://openalex.org/W2124945426","https://openalex.org/W2128164564","https://openalex.org/W2140830270","https://openalex.org/W2155436284","https://openalex.org/W2162470836","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2204780533","https://openalex.org/W2276986197","https://openalex.org/W2278572312","https://openalex.org/W2314200675","https://openalex.org/W2550075934","https://openalex.org/W2563417884","https://openalex.org/W2838459345","https://openalex.org/W2903240704","https://openalex.org/W2911091386","https://openalex.org/W2917561422","https://openalex.org/W2937306336","https://openalex.org/W2971123788","https://openalex.org/W2980290964","https://openalex.org/W2990590023","https://openalex.org/W2995043544","https://openalex.org/W3005378651","https://openalex.org/W3208996414","https://openalex.org/W6635298955","https://openalex.org/W6662485385","https://openalex.org/W6679089144","https://openalex.org/W6683064372","https://openalex.org/W6769261679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162859609","https://openalex.org/W4200318234","https://openalex.org/W2022445516","https://openalex.org/W150547863","https://openalex.org/W2982532306","https://openalex.org/W1891938465","https://openalex.org/W1550605711","https://openalex.org/W1639914594","https://openalex.org/W2048360654","https://openalex.org/W4237766728"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Indoor":[0],"Positioning":[1],"Systems":[2],"(IPSs)":[3],"are":[4,19,27,60],"designed":[5],"to":[6,30,82,128,193],"provide":[7],"solutions":[8],"for":[9,177,182],"location-based":[10],"services.":[11],"Wireless":[12],"local":[13],"area":[14],"network":[15],"(WLAN)-based":[16],"positioning":[17,142,233],"systems":[18],"the":[20,24,47,66,84,90,95,103,116,121,130,133,136,141,146,153,165,168,186,194,197,222],"most":[21],"widespread":[22],"around":[23],"globe":[25],"and":[26,152],"commonly":[28],"found":[29],"have":[31],"a":[32,79,106,125,171,231],"ready-to-use":[33],"infrastructure":[34],"composed":[35],"mostly":[36],"of":[37,64,86,92,118,135,148,155,157,167,206,214,224],"access":[38],"points":[39,150],"(APs).":[40],"They":[41],"advertise":[42],"useful":[43],"information,":[44],"such":[45,144],"as":[46,145],"received":[48],"signal":[49],"strength":[50],"(RSS),":[51],"that":[52,105,139,185,228],"is":[53,175,212],"processed":[54],"by":[55,71,88],"adequate":[56],"location":[57],"algorithms,":[58],"which":[59],"not":[61],"always":[62],"capable":[63,213],"achieving":[65],"desired":[67],"localization":[68],"error":[69],"only":[70],"themselves.":[72],"In":[73],"this":[74,76],"sense,":[75],"paper":[77],"proposes":[78],"new":[80],"method":[81,211],"improve":[83],"accuracy":[85,183],"IPSs":[87,227],"optimizing":[89],"arrangement":[91],"APs":[93],"over":[94],"environment":[96],"using":[97],"an":[98,203,216],"enhanced":[99],"probability-based":[100,232],"algorithm.":[101,234],"From":[102],"assumption":[104],"log-distance":[107],"path":[108],"loss":[109],"model":[110],"can":[111],"reasonably":[112],"describe,":[113],"on":[114,132,230],"average,":[115],"distribution":[117],"RSS":[119,158],"throughout":[120],"environment,":[122],"we":[123],"build":[124],"simulation":[126,190],"framework":[127],"analyze":[129],"impact,":[131],"accuracy,":[134],"main":[137],"factors":[138],"constitute":[140],"algorithm,":[143],"number":[147,154],"reference":[149],"(RPs)":[151],"samples":[156],"collected":[159],"per":[160],"test":[161],"point.":[162],"To":[163],"demonstrate":[164],"applicability":[166],"proposed":[169],"solution,":[170],"real-world":[172],"testbed":[173],"dataset":[174,198],"used":[176],"validation.":[178],"The":[179],"obtained":[180],"results":[181],"show":[184],"trends":[187],"verified":[188,195],"via":[189],"strongly":[191],"correlate":[192],"in":[196],"processing":[199],"when":[200],"allied":[201],"with":[202],"optimal":[204,217],"configuration":[205],"APs.":[207],"This":[208],"indicates":[209],"our":[210],"providing":[215],"factor":[218],"combination\u2014through":[219],"early":[220],"simulations\u2014for":[221],"design":[223],"more":[225],"efficient":[226],"rely":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
