{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133643290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics8010014","title":"Exploring the Interdependence Theory of Complementarity with Case Studies. Autonomous Human\u2013Machine Teams (A-HMTs)","display_name":"Exploring the Interdependence Theory of Complementarity with Case Studies. Autonomous Human\u2013Machine Teams (A-HMTs)","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133643290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics8010014","mag":"3133643290"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/informatics8010014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics8010014","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/8/1/14/pdf?version=1614331541","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738238905","display_name":"Informatics","issn_l":"2227-9709","issn":["2227-9709"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/8/1/14/pdf?version=1614331541","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028422125","display_name":"William F. Lawless","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3142-6923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19989617","display_name":"Paine College","ror":"https://ror.org/00hveka38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19989617"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William F. Lawless","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Sciences and Technology, School of Arts & Sciences, Paine College, Augusta, GA 30901, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Sciences and Technology, School of Arts & Sciences, Paine College, Augusta, GA 30901, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19989617"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028422125"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19989617"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":1.8149,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87768639,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"14","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14350","display_name":"Innovation, Sustainability, Human-Machine Systems","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14350","display_name":"Innovation, Sustainability, Human-Machine Systems","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13377","display_name":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependence","display_name":"Interdependence","score":0.7941005229949951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complementarity","display_name":"Complementarity (molecular biology)","score":0.6404195427894592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5105050802230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rational-expectations","display_name":"Rational expectations","score":0.44835221767425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rational-agent","display_name":"Rational agent","score":0.44478732347488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.4260944426059723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-agent","display_name":"Autonomous agent","score":0.41471320390701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3785246014595032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3732891082763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3680241107940674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2912387251853943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.27340084314346313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.13814309239387512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1370806097984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.11538466811180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.11224552989006042}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.7941005229949951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202269582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2644277","display_name":"Complementarity (molecular biology)","level":2,"score":0.6404195427894592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5105050802230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96016098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853949","display_name":"Rational expectations","level":2,"score":0.44835221767425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31772880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2666479","display_name":"Rational agent","level":2,"score":0.44478732347488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4260944426059723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13687954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826847","display_name":"Autonomous agent","level":2,"score":0.41471320390701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3785246014595032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3732891082763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3680241107940674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2912387251853943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.27340084314346313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.13814309239387512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1370806097984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.11538466811180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11224552989006042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/informatics8010014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics8010014","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/8/1/14/pdf?version=1614331541","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738238905","display_name":"Informatics","issn_l":"2227-9709","issn":["2227-9709"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3cb08fd73bf7431e82e358ea452f4b5c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3cb08fd73bf7431e82e358ea452f4b5c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Informatics, Vol 8, Iss 1, p 14 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2227-9709/8/1/14/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics8010014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Informatics; Volume 8; Issue 1; Pages: 14","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/informatics8010014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics8010014","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/8/1/14/pdf?version=1614331541","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738238905","display_name":"Informatics","issn_l":"2227-9709","issn":["2227-9709"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133643290.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133643290.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68441004","https://openalex.org/W1492856410","https://openalex.org/W1568386005","https://openalex.org/W1871946163","https://openalex.org/W1877916171","https://openalex.org/W1897139626","https://openalex.org/W1973051862","https://openalex.org/W2012206667","https://openalex.org/W2019291268","https://openalex.org/W2023623329","https://openalex.org/W2040794877","https://openalex.org/W2045391589","https://openalex.org/W2095459380","https://openalex.org/W2115188115","https://openalex.org/W2138562150","https://openalex.org/W2160554939","https://openalex.org/W2322669696","https://openalex.org/W2471055374","https://openalex.org/W2492662738","https://openalex.org/W2495203393","https://openalex.org/W2560330258","https://openalex.org/W2800429343","https://openalex.org/W2906308443","https://openalex.org/W2911795125","https://openalex.org/W2935424013","https://openalex.org/W2943893319","https://openalex.org/W2950319579","https://openalex.org/W2956959730","https://openalex.org/W2977762603","https://openalex.org/W2981929203","https://openalex.org/W2994006537","https://openalex.org/W2995297712","https://openalex.org/W2995769774","https://openalex.org/W2997584541","https://openalex.org/W3012079654","https://openalex.org/W3021280666","https://openalex.org/W3038056927","https://openalex.org/W3046253919","https://openalex.org/W3096359592","https://openalex.org/W3124582201","https://openalex.org/W3210093128","https://openalex.org/W3214287097","https://openalex.org/W4319588066","https://openalex.org/W4388152435","https://openalex.org/W6608808214","https://openalex.org/W6758900623","https://openalex.org/W6771885714","https://openalex.org/W6774417422","https://openalex.org/W6807091881","https://openalex.org/W7027291926"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504375953","https://openalex.org/W3144489178","https://openalex.org/W1587755504","https://openalex.org/W3121482706","https://openalex.org/W2153660377","https://openalex.org/W3121456212","https://openalex.org/W2028583437","https://openalex.org/W3125956020","https://openalex.org/W2132027448","https://openalex.org/W1514588071"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rational":[0],"models":[1,87,103,117,133],"of":[2,59,62,122,158,163,179,202,224,246,270,293,306],"human":[3,188,217],"behavior":[4,21,63],"aim":[5],"to":[6,97,106,135,262,279,301],"predict,":[7],"possibly":[8],"control,":[9],"humans.":[10],"There":[11],"are":[12,191],"two":[13,265],"primary":[14],"models,":[15],"the":[16,25,48,57,115,120,137,155,164,169,172,177,199,212,220,229,291,302],"cognitive":[17,34],"model":[18,27,35,174],"that":[19,28,45,244,290],"treats":[20,29],"as":[22,31],"implicit,":[23],"and":[24,204,273,285,287,304],"behavioral":[26],"beliefs":[30,71],"implicit.":[32],"The":[33,186],"reigned":[36],"supreme":[37],"until":[38],"reproducibility":[39],"issues":[40],"arose,":[41],"including":[42],"Axelrod\u2019s":[43],"prediction":[44],"cooperation":[46],"produces":[47],"best":[49,187,230],"outcomes":[50],"for":[51,91],"societies.":[52],"In":[53],"contrast,":[54],"by":[55,141],"dismissing":[56],"value":[58],"beliefs,":[60],"predictions":[61],"improved":[64],"dramatically,":[65],"but":[66],"only":[67],"in":[68,76,119,168,176,198,211,226,251,258],"situations":[69],"where":[70],"were":[72],"suppressed,":[73],"unimportant,":[74],"or":[75,108,124,146,181],"low":[77],"risk,":[78],"highly":[79],"certain":[80],"environments,":[81],"e.g.,":[82],"enforced":[83],"cooperation.":[84,307],"Moreover,":[85,101],"rational":[86,102,116,132,173],"lack":[88],"supporting":[89],"evidence":[90],"their":[92,126,249],"mathematical":[93],"predictions,":[94],"impeding":[95],"generalizations":[96],"artificial":[98],"intelligence":[99,194],"(AI).":[100],"cannot":[104],"scale":[105],"teams":[107,144,190],"systems,":[109],"which":[110,236,271],"is":[111,206,261],"another":[112],"flaw.":[113,128],"However,":[114],"fail":[118],"presence":[121],"uncertainty":[123,180],"conflict,":[125,182],"fatal":[127],"These":[129],"shortcomings":[130],"leave":[131],"ill-prepared":[134],"assist":[136],"technical":[138],"revolution":[139],"posed":[140],"autonomous":[142,147],"human\u2013machine":[143],"(A-HMTs)":[145],"systems.":[148],"For":[149],"A-HMT":[150],"teams,":[151],"we":[152],"have":[153,209],"developed":[154],"interdependence":[156,166,183,205],"theory":[157,184,278],"complementarity,":[159],"largely":[160],"overlooked":[161],"because":[162],"bewilderment":[165],"causes":[167],"laboratory.":[170],"Where":[171],"fails":[175],"face":[178],"thrives.":[185],"science":[189],"fully":[192],"interdependent;":[193],"has":[195],"been":[196],"located":[197],"interdependent":[200,221],"interactions":[201],"teammates,":[203],"quantum-like.":[207],"We":[208],"reported":[210],"past":[213],"that,":[214],"facing":[215],"uncertainty,":[216],"debate":[218],"exploits":[219],"bistable":[222],"views":[223],"reality":[225],"tradeoffs":[227],"seeking":[228],"path":[231],"forward.":[232],"Explaining":[233],"uncertain":[234],"contexts,":[235],"no":[237],"single":[238],"agent":[239],"can":[240],"determine":[241],"alone,":[242],"necessitates":[243],"members":[245],"A-HMTs":[247],"express":[248],"actions":[250],"causal":[252],"terms,":[253],"however":[254],"imperfectly.":[255],"Our":[256],"purpose":[257],"this":[259],"paper":[260],"review":[263],"our":[264],"newest":[266],"discoveries":[267],"here,":[268],"both":[269],"generalize":[272],"scale,":[274],"first,":[275],"following":[276],"new":[277],"separate":[280],"entropy":[281],"production":[282],"from":[283],"structure":[284],"performance,":[286],"second,":[288],"discovering":[289],"informatics":[292],"vulnerability":[294],"generated":[295],"during":[296],"competition":[297],"propels":[298],"evolution,":[299],"invisible":[300],"theories":[303],"practices":[305]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}