{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161302044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17050481","title":"Detecting Health Product Misinformation on Social Media Using Large Language Models Grounded in Biomedical Evidence","display_name":"Detecting Health Product Misinformation on Social Media Using Large Language Models Grounded in Biomedical Evidence","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161302044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17050481"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17050481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17050481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17050481","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066250635","display_name":"Sara Behnamian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Behnamian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1115-2504","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136199640","display_name":"Zeinab Shahbazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1520-1799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193278943","display_name":"Kristianstad University","ror":"https://ror.org/00tkrft03","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193278943"]}],"countries":["IT","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeinab Shahbazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy","Research Environment of Computer Science (RECS), Kristianstad University, 291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1520-1799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Environment of Computer Science (RECS), Kristianstad University, 291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193278943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036141731","display_name":"Zahra Shahbazi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193278943","display_name":"Kristianstad University","ror":"https://ror.org/00tkrft03","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193278943"]}],"countries":["IT","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahra Shahbazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy","Research Environment of Computer Science (RECS), Kristianstad University, 291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4093-1156","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Environment of Computer Science (RECS), Kristianstad University, 291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193278943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049418440","display_name":"Sadiqa Jafari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9308-1062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadiqa Jafari","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9308-1062","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57133676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"5","first_page":"481","last_page":"481"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11943","display_name":"Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions","score":0.5095999836921692,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11943","display_name":"Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions","score":0.5095999836921692,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.08760000020265579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12878","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting","score":0.0738999992609024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"Misinformation","score":0.9150999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.7221999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.4366999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.40709999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-communication","display_name":"Health communication","score":0.4058000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.38499999046325684}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.9150999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.7221999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5174000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4366999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.40709999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778080475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4353774","display_name":"Health communication","level":2,"score":0.4058000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59577422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10265143","display_name":"False accusation","level":2,"score":0.37610000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.36489999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152864","display_name":"Grounded theory","level":3,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158251709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354025","display_name":"Intrusion","level":2,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017634809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84862664","display_name":"Risk communication","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17050481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17050481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c7c01bb8c4634c78b809613c0326e8a6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c7c01bb8c4634c78b809613c0326e8a6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 17, Iss 5, p 481 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/4c78bae5-a4ef-49ff-b967-aad40c4195bd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchprofiles.ku.dk/da/publications/4c78bae5-a4ef-49ff-b967-aad40c4195bd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401983","display_name":"Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","host_organization_name":"University of Copenhagen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Behnamian , S , Shahbazi , Z , Shahbazi , Z & Jafari , S 2026 , ' Detecting Health Product Misinformation on Social Media Using Large Language Models Grounded in Biomedical Evidence ' , Information (Switzerland) , vol. 17 , no. 5 , 481 . https://doi.org/10.3390/info17050481","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17050481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17050481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2228517709","https://openalex.org/W2232384272","https://openalex.org/W2997474044","https://openalex.org/W3034436077","https://openalex.org/W3034999214","https://openalex.org/W3080922200","https://openalex.org/W3097590906","https://openalex.org/W3135835076","https://openalex.org/W3156082048","https://openalex.org/W3196282591","https://openalex.org/W4294292920","https://openalex.org/W4319083882","https://openalex.org/W4377115522","https://openalex.org/W4378603309","https://openalex.org/W4385489583","https://openalex.org/W4386108467","https://openalex.org/W4386415099","https://openalex.org/W4389301995","https://openalex.org/W4389523840","https://openalex.org/W4391436094","https://openalex.org/W4394804988","https://openalex.org/W4395955743","https://openalex.org/W4396218448","https://openalex.org/W4396700714","https://openalex.org/W4396709640","https://openalex.org/W4399585824","https://openalex.org/W4401129478","https://openalex.org/W4401974878","https://openalex.org/W4404095663","https://openalex.org/W4406120177","https://openalex.org/W4406462833","https://openalex.org/W4406465563","https://openalex.org/W4407349502","https://openalex.org/W4407977025","https://openalex.org/W4409690035","https://openalex.org/W4411447373","https://openalex.org/W7124762725"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,188],"spread":[1],"of":[2,63,112,135,151,181],"unverified":[3],"health":[4,20,58,223],"claims":[5,87,136,161,205],"about":[6],"drugs,":[7],"dietary":[8,50],"supplements,":[9],"and":[10,48,56,76,81,108,156,167,178,185,200,234],"alternative":[11],"remedies":[12],"on":[13],"social":[14],"media":[15],"poses":[16],"a":[17,27,175],"growing":[18],"public":[19],"concern.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23],"study,":[24],"we":[25],"present":[26],"retrieval-augmented":[28],"generation":[29],"(RAG)":[30],"pipeline":[31,173],"that":[32,146,217],"uses":[33],"large":[34],"language":[35],"models":[36],"(LLMs)":[37],"grounded":[38],"in":[39],"biomedical":[40,98],"evidence":[41,99,106],"from":[42,69,83,100],"PubMed,":[43],"openFDA":[44],"adverse":[45],"event":[46],"reports,":[47],"NIH/NCCIH":[49],"supplement":[51],"fact":[52],"sheets":[53],"to":[54,97],"detect":[55],"classify":[57],"product":[59],"misinformation.":[60],"A":[61],"total":[62],"3493":[64],"health-related":[65],"posts":[66,72],"were":[67,88,137,193],"collected":[68],"Reddit":[70],"(948":[71],"across":[73],"12":[74],"subreddits)":[75],"YouTube":[77,147],"(2545":[78],"video":[79],"descriptions":[80],"comments),":[82],"which":[84],"8250":[85],"structured":[86],"extracted":[89],"using":[90],"Claude":[91],"Haiku.":[92],"Each":[93],"claim":[94],"was":[95],"matched":[96],"three":[101],"authoritative":[102],"sources,":[103],"achieving":[104],"79.4%":[105],"coverage,":[107],"classified":[109],"into":[110],"one":[111],"five":[113],"veracity":[114],"categories:":[115],"supported":[116],"(7.0%),":[117],"unsupported":[118],"(59.9%),":[119],"exaggerated":[120,157],"(22.4%),":[121],"contradicted":[122],"(2.0%),":[123],"or":[124,140],"dangerous":[125,152,186,209],"(8.6%),":[126],"together":[127],"with":[128,165,202],"an":[129],"associated":[130],"risk":[131],"tier.":[132],"Overall,":[133],"13.5%":[134],"assigned":[138],"high":[139],"critical":[141],"risk.":[142],"Cross-platform":[143],"analysis":[144],"showed":[145],"contained":[148],"higher":[149],"proportions":[150],"(11.3%":[153],"vs.":[154,159],"2.9%)":[155],"(27.0%":[158],"12.4%)":[160],"than":[162],"Reddit.":[163],"Compared":[164],"keyword-based":[166],"zero-shot":[168],"transformer":[169],"baselines,":[170],"the":[171,207,229],"LLM+RAG":[172],"produced":[174],"more":[176],"balanced":[177],"fine-grained":[179],"classification":[180,210],"unsupported,":[182],"exaggerated,":[183],"contradicted,":[184],"claims.":[187],"most":[189],"frequently":[190],"implicated":[191],"products":[192],"ashwagandha,":[194],"kratom,":[195],"black":[196],"seed":[197],"oil,":[198],"turmeric,":[199],"ivermectin,":[201],"disease":[203],"cure":[204],"showing":[206],"highest":[208],"rate":[211],"(30.1%).":[212],"These":[213],"model-assigned":[214],"results":[215],"suggest":[216],"evidence-grounded":[218],"LLM":[219],"pipelines":[220],"can":[221],"support":[222],"misinformation":[224],"surveillance,":[225],"while":[226],"also":[227],"highlighting":[228],"need":[230],"for":[231],"expert":[232],"validation":[233],"broader":[235],"cross-platform":[236],"evaluation.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2026-05-16T00:00:00"}
