{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128037394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17020164","title":"Evaluating Augmented Reality Activities Designed Within the 5E Model in Biology Education","display_name":"Evaluating Augmented Reality Activities Designed Within the 5E Model in Biology Education","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128037394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17020164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17020164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17020164","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/17/2/164/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/17/2/164/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023264342","display_name":"Christina Volioti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-8353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183898223","display_name":"International Hellenic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00708jp83","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christina Volioti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, International Hellenic University, 57001 Nea Moudania, Greece","School of Philosophy and Education, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-8353","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, International Hellenic University, 57001 Nea Moudania, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Philosophy and Education, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028323884","display_name":"Christos Orovas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4797-5134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89506807","display_name":"University of Western Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/00a5pe906","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Orovas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Products and Systems Design Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4797-5134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Products and Systems Design Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092961799","display_name":"Sophia Rapti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4741-6572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophia Rapti","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Philosophy and Education, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4741-6572","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Philosophy and Education, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125172341","display_name":"Paschalina Gkiosi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183898223","display_name":"International Hellenic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00708jp83","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paschalina Gkiosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, International Hellenic University, 57001 Nea Moudania, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, International Hellenic University, 57001 Nea Moudania, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058372917","display_name":"Theodosios Sapounidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0763-2516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodosios Sapounidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Philosophy and Education, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0763-2516","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Philosophy and Education, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049935274","display_name":"Euclid Keramopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6566-6477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183898223","display_name":"International Hellenic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00708jp83","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Euclid Keramopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, International Hellenic University, 57001 Nea Moudania, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6566-6477","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, International Hellenic University, 57001 Nea Moudania, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023264342"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223","https://openalex.org/I21370196"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":6.7391,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93828226,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"164","last_page":"164"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9034000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9034000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.024000000208616257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.013899999670684338,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.8937000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability-engineering","display_name":"Usability engineering","score":0.7002999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.4921000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instructional-design","display_name":"Instructional design","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.45239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pluralistic-walkthrough","display_name":"Pluralistic walkthrough","score":0.3930000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.8937000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100302975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642623","display_name":"Usability engineering","level":3,"score":0.7002999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5078999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4921000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159456220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q667334","display_name":"Instructional design","level":2,"score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.42980000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188688815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205541","display_name":"Pluralistic walkthrough","level":3,"score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139225968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146354","display_name":"System usability scale","level":4,"score":0.35269999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11324603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2502322","display_name":"Usability lab","level":4,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3255780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1616517","display_name":"Heuristic evaluation","level":3,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139366241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135707","display_name":"Interface design","level":2,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4237393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1636686","display_name":"Web usability","level":3,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17020164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17020164","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/17/2/164/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aa754967f8fe4f4d86ea6e38b8502df0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aa754967f8fe4f4d86ea6e38b8502df0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 17, Iss 2, p 164 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17020164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17020164","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/17/2/164/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8609499931335449,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128037394.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970370179","https://openalex.org/W1979365561","https://openalex.org/W2024502936","https://openalex.org/W2032191478","https://openalex.org/W2040353241","https://openalex.org/W2068391117","https://openalex.org/W2087168813","https://openalex.org/W2091552421","https://openalex.org/W2102775129","https://openalex.org/W2158216526","https://openalex.org/W2511373795","https://openalex.org/W2548681905","https://openalex.org/W2603009275","https://openalex.org/W2741915037","https://openalex.org/W2751090114","https://openalex.org/W2793770635","https://openalex.org/W2802609531","https://openalex.org/W2898887322","https://openalex.org/W2909848243","https://openalex.org/W2912208179","https://openalex.org/W2941726745","https://openalex.org/W2944040685","https://openalex.org/W2945853649","https://openalex.org/W2958179330","https://openalex.org/W2992208190","https://openalex.org/W3040920465","https://openalex.org/W3064819092","https://openalex.org/W3095409091","https://openalex.org/W3115165148","https://openalex.org/W3116321696","https://openalex.org/W3134930246","https://openalex.org/W3196821988","https://openalex.org/W3206059293","https://openalex.org/W3207724250","https://openalex.org/W4210531082","https://openalex.org/W4214877613","https://openalex.org/W4233152543","https://openalex.org/W4250964720","https://openalex.org/W4280544081","https://openalex.org/W4281617568","https://openalex.org/W4285090714","https://openalex.org/W4294613157","https://openalex.org/W4309091233","https://openalex.org/W4313343121","https://openalex.org/W4362731790","https://openalex.org/W4366283413","https://openalex.org/W4387140200","https://openalex.org/W4387573371","https://openalex.org/W4387672620","https://openalex.org/W4405105706","https://openalex.org/W4415267244"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,64,122,167],"5E":[1,55,78,164],"model":[2,57],"(1.":[3],"Engagement;":[4],"2.":[5],"Exploration;":[6],"3.":[7],"Explanation;":[8],"4.":[9],"Elaboration;":[10],"5.":[11],"Evaluation)":[12],"is":[13],"a":[14,70,81],"well-known":[15],"instructional":[16,56,188],"framework":[17,52],"for":[18,137],"promoting":[19],"active":[20],"learning.":[21,35],"Augmented":[22],"reality":[23],"(AR)":[24],"has":[25],"been":[26],"integrated":[27],"into":[28],"the":[29,43,51,54,77,88,135,158,163,174,181],"educational":[30,101],"process":[31],"to":[32,58,86,173],"support":[33,59],"interactive":[34],"Building":[36],"on":[37,151],"these":[38],"foundations,":[39],"this":[40,148],"study":[41,83,149],"examines":[42],"usability":[44,82,90,153],"of":[45,53,69,73,157,176,183],"an":[46],"AR":[47,66,159,177],"application":[48],"developed":[49],"within":[50,162],"biology":[60],"in":[61,190],"high":[62,118],"school.":[63],"proposed":[65],"app":[67,160],"consists":[68],"structured":[71],"sequence":[72],"activities":[74],"aligned":[75],"with":[76,104,128,187],"stages.":[79],"Moreover,":[80],"was":[84],"conducted":[85],"evaluate":[87],"app\u2019s":[89],"among":[91],"195":[92],"users":[93,133],"across":[94],"three":[95],"participant":[96],"groups":[97],"emerging":[98],"from":[99],"various":[100],"levels":[102],"and":[103,115,130,155,179],"different":[105],"backgrounds:":[106],"education":[107],"students":[108,112,120],"(novice":[109],"adults),":[110,114],"engineering":[111],"(expert":[113],"1st":[116],"year":[117],"school":[119],"(students).":[121],"findings":[123,168],"indicate":[124],"perceived":[125],"acceptable":[126],"usability,":[127],"younger":[129],"less":[131],"experienced":[132],"indicating":[134],"need":[136],"more":[138],"guidance.":[139],"Rather":[140],"than":[141],"evaluating":[142],"learning":[143,165],"outcomes":[144],"or":[145],"pedagogical":[146],"effectiveness,":[147],"focuses":[150],"investigating":[152],"perceptions":[154],"interactions":[156],"designed":[161],"model.":[166],"highlight":[169],"usability-related":[170],"issues":[171],"relevant":[172],"design":[175,186],"applications":[178],"emphasize":[180],"importance":[182],"combining":[184],"user-centered":[185],"frameworks":[189],"secondary":[191],"education.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2026-02-07T00:00:00"}
