{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3183852519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12080286","title":"Learning from High-Dimensional and Class-Imbalanced Datasets Using Random Forests","display_name":"Learning from High-Dimensional and Class-Imbalanced Datasets Using Random Forests","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3183852519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12080286","mag":"3183852519"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12080286","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12080286","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/8/286/pdf?version=1626846571","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/8/286/pdf?version=1626846571","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004152189","display_name":"Barbara Pes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3983-6844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Barbara Pes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Universit\u00e0 di Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3983-6844","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Universit\u00e0 di Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004152189"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":3.777,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94250475,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"8","first_page":"286","last_page":"286"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9793999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9573000073432922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.858171820640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.7162108421325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7151225805282593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.6952523589134216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6390572786331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.6294174194335938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-dimensional","display_name":"High dimensional","score":0.5915312767028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5706276297569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5683352947235107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clustering-high-dimensional-data","display_name":"Clustering high-dimensional data","score":0.4933754503726959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.472852498292923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.43392759561538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.28367167711257935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.858171820640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.7162108421325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7151225805282593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.6952523589134216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6390572786331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.6294174194335938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019722297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4440864","display_name":"High dimensional","level":2,"score":0.5915312767028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5706276297569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5683352947235107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184509293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5136711","display_name":"Clustering high-dimensional data","level":3,"score":0.4933754503726959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.472852498292923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.43392759561538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.28367167711257935}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12080286","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12080286","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/8/286/pdf?version=1626846571","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cf648c550a1f465b878764de0216e11b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cf648c550a1f465b878764de0216e11b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 12, Iss 8, p 286 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unica.it:11584/321555","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/8/286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196293","display_name":"UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","host_organization_name":"University of Cagliari","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/12/8/286/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12080286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 12; Issue 8; Pages: 286","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12080286","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12080286","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/8/286/pdf?version=1626846571","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G15967578","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PRIN_2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G424007806","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ADAM project - CUP: F74I19000900007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315324","funder_display_name":"Fondazione di Sardegna"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G59132117","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MiUR-PRIN 2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315324","display_name":"Fondazione di Sardegna","ror":"https://ror.org/02sryfh37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":"https://ror.org/0166hxq48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3183852519.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3183852519.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35839294","https://openalex.org/W777565564","https://openalex.org/W873782400","https://openalex.org/W1566945762","https://openalex.org/W1680797894","https://openalex.org/W1938500889","https://openalex.org/W1941659294","https://openalex.org/W1963630472","https://openalex.org/W1975664724","https://openalex.org/W1991181258","https://openalex.org/W2022020282","https://openalex.org/W2023450550","https://openalex.org/W2048697945","https://openalex.org/W2091374137","https://openalex.org/W2099454382","https://openalex.org/W2104471998","https://openalex.org/W2109826612","https://openalex.org/W2118978333","https://openalex.org/W2120199131","https://openalex.org/W2138776277","https://openalex.org/W2146739527","https://openalex.org/W2150256526","https://openalex.org/W2156935079","https://openalex.org/W2164330572","https://openalex.org/W2293600471","https://openalex.org/W2338318698","https://openalex.org/W2490420619","https://openalex.org/W2540352327","https://openalex.org/W2562319768","https://openalex.org/W2744790735","https://openalex.org/W2771139966","https://openalex.org/W2800788706","https://openalex.org/W2885518121","https://openalex.org/W2889487566","https://openalex.org/W2890322909","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2916168844","https://openalex.org/W2921958598","https://openalex.org/W2938157087","https://openalex.org/W2946402913","https://openalex.org/W2948009788","https://openalex.org/W2949607402","https://openalex.org/W2973941913","https://openalex.org/W2997740130","https://openalex.org/W3000453568","https://openalex.org/W3013063100","https://openalex.org/W3100840294","https://openalex.org/W3120338070","https://openalex.org/W3125669903","https://openalex.org/W6723278492","https://openalex.org/W6785450521"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995622179","https://openalex.org/W1484111231","https://openalex.org/W1552543208","https://openalex.org/W2074396517","https://openalex.org/W2166963679","https://openalex.org/W2187269125","https://openalex.org/W1641615907","https://openalex.org/W3089231081","https://openalex.org/W783379390","https://openalex.org/W2548720861"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Class":[0],"imbalance":[1,122,188],"and":[2,21,43,65,127,159],"high":[3],"dimensionality":[4],"are":[5,63,130],"two":[6],"major":[7],"issues":[8,27],"in":[9,14,32,156],"several":[10],"real-life":[11],"applications,":[12],"e.g.,":[13],"the":[15,33,68,92,100,108,117,147,173],"fields":[16],"of":[17,76,94,102,120,172,175],"bioinformatics,":[18],"text":[19],"mining":[20],"image":[22],"classification.":[23],"However,":[24],"while":[25],"both":[26],"have":[28,38,134],"been":[29,40,47,135,162],"extensively":[30],"studied":[31],"machine":[34],"learning":[35,96,189],"community,":[36],"they":[37],"mostly":[39],"treated":[41],"separately,":[42],"little":[44],"research":[45,88],"has":[46,151,160],"thus":[48],"far":[49],"conducted":[50],"on":[51],"which":[52,150],"approaches":[53],"might":[54],"be":[55,154],"best":[56],"suited":[57],"to":[58,81,85,106,153,165,182],"deal":[59],"with":[60,72,111,116],"datasets":[61,139],"that":[62,98,114],"class-imbalanced":[64],"high-dimensional":[66,157],"at":[67],"same":[69],"time":[70],"(i.e.,":[71],"a":[73,83,144,177],"large":[74],"number":[75],"features).":[77],"This":[78],"work":[79],"attempts":[80],"give":[82,170],"contribution":[84],"this":[86],"challenging":[87],"area":[89],"by":[90],"studying":[91],"effectiveness":[93],"hybrid":[95,178],"strategies":[97],"involve":[99],"integration":[101],"feature":[103,185],"selection":[104,186],"techniques,":[105],"reduce":[107],"data":[109,125],"dimensionality,":[110],"proper":[112],"methods":[113,129,190],"cope":[115],"adverse":[118],"effects":[119],"class":[121],"(in":[123],"particular,":[124],"balancing":[126],"cost-sensitive":[128],"considered).":[131],"Extensive":[132],"experiments":[133],"carried":[136],"out":[137],"across":[138],"from":[140],"different":[141],"domains,":[142],"leveraging":[143],"well-known":[145],"classifier,":[146],"Random":[148],"Forest,":[149],"proven":[152],"effective":[155],"spaces":[158],"also":[161],"successfully":[163],"applied":[164],"imbalanced":[166],"tasks.":[167],"Our":[168],"results":[169],"evidence":[171],"benefits":[174],"such":[176],"approach,":[179],"when":[180],"compared":[181],"using":[183],"only":[184],"or":[187],"alone.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-03T07:22:36.454288","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
