{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2397575900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5050066","title":"Global Research on Artificial Intelligence from 1990\u20132014: Spatially-Explicit Bibliometric Analysis","display_name":"Global Research on Artificial Intelligence from 1990\u20132014: Spatially-Explicit Bibliometric Analysis","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2397575900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5050066","mag":"2397575900"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi5050066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5050066","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/5/5/66/pdf?version=1463370115","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/5/5/66/pdf?version=1463370115","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023128300","display_name":"Jiqiang Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3315-2970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130750295","display_name":"Xinyang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190x2a66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130750295"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiqiang Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Urban and Environmental Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban and Environmental Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130750295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060609967","display_name":"Wenwu Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7870-177X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenwu Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Applied Geographic Information Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28262, USA","Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28262, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Applied Geographic Information Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28262, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28262, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071461704","display_name":"Feng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7015-1467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130750295","display_name":"Xinyang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190x2a66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130750295"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Urban and Environmental Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban and Environmental Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130750295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019724001","display_name":"Xiaoyan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4461-1001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045012406","display_name":"Yanan Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5092-0329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanan Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023128300"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130750295"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":11.7311,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98307912,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"5","first_page":"66","last_page":"66"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9760000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9587000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5630847215652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject","display_name":"Subject (documents)","score":0.5463285446166992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"Productivity","score":0.5437281727790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-citation-index","display_name":"Science Citation Index","score":0.5287180542945862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bibliometrics","display_name":"Bibliometrics","score":0.5228215456008911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation-index","display_name":"Citation index","score":0.5046292543411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.468691349029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation-analysis","display_name":"Citation analysis","score":0.45491480827331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.4495214819908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation","display_name":"Citation","score":0.42310231924057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4222736060619354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.14760026335716248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.0884532630443573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5630847215652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.5463285446166992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.5437281727790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776312699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379084","display_name":"Science Citation Index","level":3,"score":0.5287180542945862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178315738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603441","display_name":"Bibliometrics","level":2,"score":0.5228215456008911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778032371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206290","display_name":"Citation index","level":3,"score":0.5046292543411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.468691349029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105345328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206276","display_name":"Citation analysis","level":3,"score":0.45491480827331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4495214819908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.42310231924057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4222736060619354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.14760026335716248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0884532630443573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi5050066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5050066","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/5/5/66/pdf?version=1463370115","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b8461932c5a84cf1bb2b6a381e472116","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b8461932c5a84cf1bb2b6a381e472116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 5, Iss 5, p 66 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/5/5/66/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5050066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 5; Issue 5; Pages: 66","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi5050066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5050066","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/5/5/66/pdf?version=1463370115","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2397575900.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2397575900.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W591119197","https://openalex.org/W1001387650","https://openalex.org/W1044919269","https://openalex.org/W1132038451","https://openalex.org/W1461047093","https://openalex.org/W1529920312","https://openalex.org/W1549955539","https://openalex.org/W1581291511","https://openalex.org/W1771311487","https://openalex.org/W1852262583","https://openalex.org/W1888811121","https://openalex.org/W1965229818","https://openalex.org/W1966913051","https://openalex.org/W1969067576","https://openalex.org/W1971544913","https://openalex.org/W1975839640","https://openalex.org/W1980972912","https://openalex.org/W1988175712","https://openalex.org/W1994974929","https://openalex.org/W2004429266","https://openalex.org/W2008764714","https://openalex.org/W2010222480","https://openalex.org/W2016366123","https://openalex.org/W2019798812","https://openalex.org/W2020566467","https://openalex.org/W2025558436","https://openalex.org/W2026627254","https://openalex.org/W2027437775","https://openalex.org/W2029088861","https://openalex.org/W2031410081","https://openalex.org/W2033184145","https://openalex.org/W2039616582","https://openalex.org/W2040331308","https://openalex.org/W2040424574","https://openalex.org/W2044385002","https://openalex.org/W2044723795","https://openalex.org/W2045788992","https://openalex.org/W2046794274","https://openalex.org/W2053749030","https://openalex.org/W2060953898","https://openalex.org/W2066130118","https://openalex.org/W2069466022","https://openalex.org/W2077003527","https://openalex.org/W2079237465","https://openalex.org/W2079454091","https://openalex.org/W2079541639","https://openalex.org/W2081363555","https://openalex.org/W2082969142","https://openalex.org/W2095290023","https://openalex.org/W2097695383","https://openalex.org/W2116575643","https://openalex.org/W2117949480","https://openalex.org/W2121644163","https://openalex.org/W2122410182","https://openalex.org/W2127513344","https://openalex.org/W2129905273","https://openalex.org/W2131745251","https://openalex.org/W2133250123","https://openalex.org/W2134843175","https://openalex.org/W2139508021","https://openalex.org/W2141995017","https://openalex.org/W2143289270","https://openalex.org/W2145617564","https://openalex.org/W2145804350","https://openalex.org/W2148181181","https://openalex.org/W2157763757","https://openalex.org/W2160441315","https://openalex.org/W2160531827","https://openalex.org/W2164856000","https://openalex.org/W2166721403","https://openalex.org/W2170800794","https://openalex.org/W2275696275","https://openalex.org/W4214856203","https://openalex.org/W4249476652","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6632986128","https://openalex.org/W6634948749","https://openalex.org/W6669987277","https://openalex.org/W6674842964","https://openalex.org/W6680048586","https://openalex.org/W6680933650","https://openalex.org/W6695147765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2534404954","https://openalex.org/W2904800587","https://openalex.org/W2285613965","https://openalex.org/W2374552626","https://openalex.org/W2744205540","https://openalex.org/W2162430746","https://openalex.org/W3020075436","https://openalex.org/W1488271674","https://openalex.org/W2063893595","https://openalex.org/W60704726"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"we":[3,201],"conducted":[4],"the":[5,39,47,96,110,140,194,231,234,258],"evaluation":[6],"of":[7,41,46,86,132,143,197,233,254,260],"artificial":[8,90,116,148,174,198,239],"intelligence":[9,91,117,175],"research":[10,82,92,133,145,176,184],"from":[11,44,225],"1990\u20132014":[12],"by":[13],"using":[14],"bibliometric":[15,32],"analysis.":[16,33],"We":[17],"introduced":[18],"spatial":[19],"analysis":[20,24,40,181,223],"and":[21,53,66,71,76,78,81,103,107,134,153,160,190,216,236,267],"social":[22],"network":[23],"as":[25,177],"geographic":[26,72,268],"information":[27,269],"retrieval":[28],"methods":[29],"for":[30,243,257],"spatially-explicit":[31],"This":[34,251],"study":[35,227],"is":[36,158],"based":[37],"on":[38],"data":[42],"obtained":[43],"database":[45],"Science":[48],"Citation":[49,56],"Index":[50],"Expanded":[51],"(SCI-Expanded)":[52],"Conference":[54],"Proceedings":[55],"Index-Science":[57],"(CPCI-S).":[58],"Our":[59],"results":[60,224],"revealed":[61,182],"scientific":[62],"outputs,":[63],"subject":[64,113],"categories":[65,114],"main":[67],"journals,":[68],"author":[69],"productivity":[70,75],"distribution,":[73],"international":[74,167],"collaboration,":[77,101],"hot":[79],"issues":[80],"trends.":[83],"The":[84,119,136,179],"growth":[85],"article":[87],"outputs":[88],"in":[89,115,126,147,173,193,219,238,241,247,262,265,271],"has":[93,139],"exploded":[94],"since":[95],"1990s,":[97],"along":[98],"with":[99,128,206],"increasing":[100],"reference,":[102],"citations.":[104],"Computer":[105],"science":[106],"engineering":[108],"were":[109],"most":[111,151],"frequently-used":[112],"studies.":[118],"top":[120,144],"twenty":[121],"productive":[122],"authors":[123],"are":[124,169,192],"distributed":[125],"countries":[127],"a":[129],"high":[130,207],"investment":[131],"development.":[135],"United":[137],"States":[138],"highest":[141],"number":[142],"institutions":[146],"intelligence,":[149,240],"producing":[150],"single-country":[152],"collaborative":[154],"articles.":[155],"Although":[156],"there":[157],"more":[159,161],"collaboration":[162],"among":[163],"institutions,":[164],"cooperation,":[165],"especially":[166],"ones,":[168],"not":[170],"highly":[171],"prevalent":[172],"expected.":[178],"keyword":[180],"interesting":[183,203],"preferences,":[185],"confirmed":[186],"that":[187],"methods,":[188],"models,":[189],"application":[191,217],"central":[195],"position":[196],"intelligence.":[199],"Further,":[200],"found":[202],"related":[204],"keywords":[205],"co-occurrence":[208],"frequencies,":[209],"which":[210],"have":[211],"helped":[212],"identify":[213],"new":[214],"models":[215],"areas":[218],"recent":[220],"years.":[221],"Bibliometric":[222],"our":[226],"will":[228,252],"greatly":[229],"facilitate":[230],"understanding":[232],"progress":[235],"trends":[237],"particular,":[242],"those":[244],"researchers":[245],"interested":[246],"domain-specific":[248],"AI-driven":[249],"problem-solving.":[250],"be":[253],"great":[255],"assistance":[256],"applications":[259],"AI":[261],"alternative":[263],"fields":[264],"general":[266],"science,":[270],"particular.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
