{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3121509933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10020045","title":"Study on Fractal Characteristics of Migration-Population Flow\u2014Evidence from Egypt","display_name":"Study on Fractal Characteristics of Migration-Population Flow\u2014Evidence from Egypt","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3121509933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10020045","mag":"3121509933"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10020045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10020045","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/2/45/pdf?version=1611232647","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/2/45/pdf?version=1611232647","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077028032","display_name":"Sidong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6352-6945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sidong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071030373","display_name":"Xingping Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5219-2230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xingping Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5219-2230","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043236979","display_name":"Zhishan Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhishan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Arabic, Faculty of Arts, Alexandria University, Alexandria 11445, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Arabic, Faculty of Arts, Alexandria University, Alexandria 11445, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071030373"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.3299,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87932753,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"45","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.6767102479934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zipfs-law","display_name":"Zipf's law","score":0.6434016823768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal","display_name":"Fractal","score":0.5962967872619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-geography","display_name":"Economic geography","score":0.5231910347938538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-ecology","display_name":"Spatial ecology","score":0.4996933937072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.4924851357936859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-distribution","display_name":"Spatial distribution","score":0.43685382604599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.32808756828308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21465075016021729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.179305762052536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.1729227900505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.0956958532333374}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6767102479934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125932096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205472","display_name":"Zipf's law","level":2,"score":0.6434016823768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81392","display_name":"Fractal","level":2,"score":0.5962967872619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.5231910347938538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158709400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586","display_name":"Spatial ecology","level":2,"score":0.4996933937072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4924851357936859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777016058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574061","display_name":"Spatial distribution","level":2,"score":0.43685382604599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.32808756828308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21465075016021729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.179305762052536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1729227900505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0956958532333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10020045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10020045","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/2/45/pdf?version=1611232647","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c7009b16c34345cea1eaa7bd81875fc0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c7009b16c34345cea1eaa7bd81875fc0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 10, Iss 2, p 45 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/10/2/45/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10020045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 10; Issue 2; Pages: 45","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10020045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10020045","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/2/45/pdf?version=1611232647","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3121509933.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3121509933.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":104,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W106141000","https://openalex.org/W648968271","https://openalex.org/W1199176726","https://openalex.org/W1971891344","https://openalex.org/W1973749534","https://openalex.org/W1984393917","https://openalex.org/W1985867109","https://openalex.org/W2000042664","https://openalex.org/W2001006379","https://openalex.org/W2004233431","https://openalex.org/W2006222780","https://openalex.org/W2006465379","https://openalex.org/W2009490272","https://openalex.org/W2013362143","https://openalex.org/W2021257428","https://openalex.org/W2025703101","https://openalex.org/W2026852337","https://openalex.org/W2031126340","https://openalex.org/W2031419132","https://openalex.org/W2032025262","https://openalex.org/W2034636363","https://openalex.org/W2040742502","https://openalex.org/W2044377805","https://openalex.org/W2046549661","https://openalex.org/W2047017130","https://openalex.org/W2050373523","https://openalex.org/W2051775373","https://openalex.org/W2052783657","https://openalex.org/W2057206092","https://openalex.org/W2064326033","https://openalex.org/W2065771248","https://openalex.org/W2068142485","https://openalex.org/W2068867532","https://openalex.org/W2069670003","https://openalex.org/W2072723118","https://openalex.org/W2072987405","https://openalex.org/W2077323494","https://openalex.org/W2078052987","https://openalex.org/W2083324154","https://openalex.org/W2084588346","https://openalex.org/W2086402598","https://openalex.org/W2093533029","https://openalex.org/W2111741070","https://openalex.org/W2120366814","https://openalex.org/W2126266986","https://openalex.org/W2133928976","https://openalex.org/W2156853089","https://openalex.org/W2158220403","https://openalex.org/W2171059938","https://openalex.org/W2233924007","https://openalex.org/W2253011160","https://openalex.org/W2301278358","https://openalex.org/W2318951588","https://openalex.org/W2352911910","https://openalex.org/W2364665783","https://openalex.org/W2394275763","https://openalex.org/W2426633199","https://openalex.org/W2480178588","https://openalex.org/W2490456082","https://openalex.org/W2522643784","https://openalex.org/W2554532389","https://openalex.org/W2566893296","https://openalex.org/W2567127400","https://openalex.org/W2581547134","https://openalex.org/W2588507580","https://openalex.org/W2592160233","https://openalex.org/W2606141473","https://openalex.org/W2620643032","https://openalex.org/W2725551161","https://openalex.org/W2780483148","https://openalex.org/W2791198984","https://openalex.org/W2797885735","https://openalex.org/W2803692045","https://openalex.org/W2804440226","https://openalex.org/W2805745091","https://openalex.org/W2811271185","https://openalex.org/W2896547015","https://openalex.org/W2901414969","https://openalex.org/W2904853459","https://openalex.org/W2917996484","https://openalex.org/W2948766296","https://openalex.org/W2949779643","https://openalex.org/W2956070398","https://openalex.org/W2969246344","https://openalex.org/W2977270729","https://openalex.org/W2980921937","https://openalex.org/W2998042504","https://openalex.org/W3014391848","https://openalex.org/W3033201016","https://openalex.org/W3037939654","https://openalex.org/W3045851563","https://openalex.org/W3103362336","https://openalex.org/W3120011856","https://openalex.org/W3121843706","https://openalex.org/W3122813951","https://openalex.org/W6621316207","https://openalex.org/W6662429102","https://openalex.org/W6672117566","https://openalex.org/W6738406036","https://openalex.org/W6749135365","https://openalex.org/W6751955569","https://openalex.org/W6752851977","https://openalex.org/W6778717965","https://openalex.org/W7056520289"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2472876165","https://openalex.org/W2389574776","https://openalex.org/W2163009715","https://openalex.org/W2166847541","https://openalex.org/W2067898805","https://openalex.org/W2788296697","https://openalex.org/W1545357199","https://openalex.org/W2084315000","https://openalex.org/W2386344853","https://openalex.org/W1995338594"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Population":[0],"migration":[1,33,66,83,100,154],"is":[2,56,102,113,141],"a":[3,14,36,105],"major":[4],"event":[5],"of":[6,10,43,64,72,82,90,96,118,152,181],"optimizing":[7],"the":[8,40,47,60,79,88,114,153,162,176,179],"allocation":[9],"production":[11],"factors":[12],"and":[13,21,50,62,121,129,135,148,185,191],"key":[15],"way":[16],"to":[17,46,58,87,167],"construct":[18],"regional":[19,123],"relations":[20],"promote":[22],"spatial":[23,80,109,119,127,146,186],"reconstruction.":[24],"However,":[25],"there":[26],"are":[27,156],"few":[28],"papers":[29],"published":[30],"on":[31,39,171],"population":[32,65,84,101,155,182],"that":[34,78],"have":[35],"direct":[37],"impact":[38],"sustainable":[41],"development":[42],"deserts":[44],"owing":[45],"more":[48,192],"sensitive":[49],"complex":[51],"man\u2013earth":[52],"relationship.":[53],"Therefore,":[54],"it":[55],"important":[57],"study":[59,71],"laws":[61],"characteristics":[63,95,151],"in":[67,104,108,158,189],"such":[68],"regions.":[69],"The":[70,99,145],"Egypt":[73,190],"by":[74,132,161],"Zipf\u2019s":[75,139],"law":[76,89,140],"shows":[77,125],"distribution":[81,124],"size":[85],"conforms":[86],"power":[91,112],"function":[92],"with":[93],"fractal":[94],"different":[97],"types.":[98],"generally":[103],"\u201cPareto\u201d":[106],"state":[107],"distribution.":[110],"Decentralization":[111],"leading":[115],"driving":[116],"force":[117],"distribution,":[120],"scale-free":[122,172],"significant":[126],"agglomeration":[128],"gradient.":[130],"Limited":[131],"research":[133],"scope":[134],"\u201cheavy":[136],"tail\u201d":[137],"factors,":[138],"not":[142],"completely":[143],"applicable.":[144],"pattern":[147],"flow":[149],"field":[150],"analyzed":[157],"this":[159],"paper":[160],"conversion":[163],"from":[164],"\u201cstructural":[165],"fractal\u201d":[166,169],"\u201cspatial":[168],"based":[170],"geographic":[173],"projection,":[174],"providing":[175],"reference":[177],"for":[178],"formulation":[180],"governance":[183],"policies":[184],"planning":[187],"strategies":[188],"desert":[193],"countries.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
