{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4306836034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14100301","title":"A Hybrid Deep Learning Model with Self-Improved Optimization Algorithm for Detection of Security Attacks in IoT Environment","display_name":"A Hybrid Deep Learning Model with Self-Improved Optimization Algorithm for Detection of Security Attacks in IoT Environment","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4306836034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14100301"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14100301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14100301","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/10/301/pdf?version=1666176171","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/10/301/pdf?version=1666176171","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084368379","display_name":"Amit Sagu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0129-7665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I905734797","display_name":"Maharshi Dayanand University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kaab451","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I905734797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Sagu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Applications, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0129-7665","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Applications, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I905734797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019909434","display_name":"Nasib Singh Gill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8594-4320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I905734797","display_name":"Maharshi Dayanand University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kaab451","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I905734797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasib Singh Gill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Applications, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8594-4320","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Applications, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I905734797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050940035","display_name":"Preeti Gulia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8535-4016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I905734797","display_name":"Maharshi Dayanand University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kaab451","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I905734797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Preeti Gulia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Applications, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8535-4016","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Applications, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I905734797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035288030","display_name":"Jyotir Moy Chatterjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2527-916X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155019","display_name":"Lord Buddha Education Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04xvp2z22","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155019"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyotir Moy Chatterjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Lord Buddha Education Foundation, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Lord Buddha Education Foundation, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061139051","display_name":"Ishaani Priyadarshini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8826-8065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ishaani Priyadarshini","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-5800, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-5800, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061139051"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":4.2735,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94500073,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"10","first_page":"301","last_page":"301"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9266103506088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6285029053688049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.627535343170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47073614597320557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4349377453327179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4231095314025879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.41564613580703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3676440119743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36490553617477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3469984233379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.20103317499160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08778584003448486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9266103506088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6285029053688049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.627535343170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47073614597320557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4349377453327179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4231095314025879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41564613580703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3676440119743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36490553617477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3469984233379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.20103317499160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08778584003448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14100301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14100301","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/10/301/pdf?version=1666176171","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:14:y:2022:i:10:p:301-:d:947075","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/10/301/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9ac8e027fc4d47c6a852c9f079303253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9ac8e027fc4d47c6a852c9f079303253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 14, Iss 10, p 301 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-5903/14/10/301/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi14100301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet; Volume 14; Issue 10; Pages: 301","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14100301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14100301","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/10/301/pdf?version=1666176171","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320767","display_name":"University Grants Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/04p800546"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4306836034.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4306836034.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045844658","https://openalex.org/W2738900493","https://openalex.org/W2790662215","https://openalex.org/W2799843691","https://openalex.org/W2980435792","https://openalex.org/W3002827238","https://openalex.org/W3006526650","https://openalex.org/W3009884292","https://openalex.org/W3022437389","https://openalex.org/W3024476475","https://openalex.org/W3035318349","https://openalex.org/W3035366189","https://openalex.org/W3037518819","https://openalex.org/W3082884334","https://openalex.org/W3089955744","https://openalex.org/W3104845729","https://openalex.org/W3106716739","https://openalex.org/W3120073691","https://openalex.org/W3124111964","https://openalex.org/W3139484821","https://openalex.org/W3151784567","https://openalex.org/W3157871125","https://openalex.org/W3171158244","https://openalex.org/W3189033801","https://openalex.org/W3193266292","https://openalex.org/W4210525777","https://openalex.org/W4289175723","https://openalex.org/W4289530011","https://openalex.org/W4303644396","https://openalex.org/W6807833633"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W4247463117","https://openalex.org/W4361251261","https://openalex.org/W2389214306","https://openalex.org/W2393741509"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,4,22,26,41,49,69,92,105,143,150,153,171,200],"growth":[2],"of":[3,6,28,72,94,145,155,170,179,196],"Internet":[5],"Things":[7],"(IoT),":[8],"security":[9],"attacks":[10,29,95],"are":[11,124,157],"also":[12],"rising":[13],"gradually.":[14],"Numerous":[15],"centralized":[16],"mechanisms":[17],"have":[18],"been":[19],"introduced":[20],"in":[21,30,32,63,96],"recent":[23],"past":[24],"for":[25,91],"detection":[27,93,127],"IoT,":[31],"which":[33,45,185],"an":[34,97],"attack":[35],"recognition":[36],"scheme":[37,173],"is":[38,174],"employed":[39,172],"at":[40],"network\u2019s":[42],"vital":[43],"point,":[44],"gathers":[46],"data":[47],"from":[48],"network":[50,146],"and":[51,81,121,135,164,189,192,206],"categorizes":[52],"it":[53],"as":[54,76],"\u201cAttack\u201d":[55],"or":[56],"\u201cNormal\u201d.":[57],"Nevertheless,":[58],"these":[59],"schemes":[60],"were":[61],"unsuccessful":[62],"achieving":[64],"noteworthy":[65],"results":[66],"due":[67],"to":[68,141],"diverse":[70],"necessities":[71],"IoT":[73,98],"devices":[74],"such":[75],"distribution,":[77],"scalability,":[78],"lower":[79],"latency,":[80],"resource":[82],"limits.":[83],"The":[84,168],"present":[85],"paper":[86],"proposes":[87],"a":[88,161,177],"hybrid":[89],"model":[90,202],"environment":[99],"that":[100],"involves":[101],"three":[102],"stages.":[103],"Initially,":[104],"higher-order":[106],"statistical":[107],"features":[108,123],"(kurtosis,":[109],"variance,":[110],"moments),":[111],"mutual":[112],"information":[113,117],"(MI),":[114],"symmetric":[115],"uncertainty,":[116],"gain":[118],"ratio":[119],"(IGR),":[120],"relief-based":[122],"extracted.":[125],"Then,":[126],"takes":[128],"place":[129],"using":[130,181],"Gated":[131],"Recurrent":[132],"Unit":[133],"(GRU)":[134],"Bidirectional":[136],"Long":[137],"Short-Term":[138],"Memory":[139],"(Bi-LSTM)":[140],"recognize":[142],"existence":[144],"attacks.":[147],"For":[148],"improving":[149],"classification":[151,187],"accuracy,":[152,188],"weights":[154],"Bi-LSTM":[156],"optimally":[158],"tuned":[159],"via":[160],"self-upgraded":[162],"Cat":[163],"Mouse":[165],"Optimizer":[166],"(SU-CMO).":[167],"improvement":[169],"established":[175],"concerning":[176],"variety":[178],"metrics":[180],"two":[182],"distinct":[183],"datasets":[184],"comprise":[186],"index,":[190],"f-measure":[191],"MCC.":[193],"In":[194],"terms":[195],"all":[197],"performance":[198],"measures,":[199],"proposed":[201],"outperforms":[203],"both":[204],"traditional":[205],"state-of-the-art":[207],"techniques.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
