{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319440537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25020305","title":"A System-Independent Derivation of Preferential Attachment from the Principle of Least Effort","display_name":"A System-Independent Derivation of Preferential Attachment from the Principle of Least Effort","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319440537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25020305","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36832671"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25020305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25020305","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/2/305/pdf?version=1675844834","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/2/305/pdf?version=1675844834","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033111799","display_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Xavier Machu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8801-6693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35298706","display_name":"ESIEA University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g6cx256","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35298706"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Xavier Machu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire SCIQ, ESIEA Group, 9 Rue V\u00e9sale, 75005 Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8801-6693","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire SCIQ, ESIEA Group, 9 Rue V\u00e9sale, 75005 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35298706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010334411","display_name":"Ru Julie Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35298706","display_name":"ESIEA University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g6cx256","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35298706"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ru Julie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire SCIQ, ESIEA Group, 9 Rue V\u00e9sale, 75005 Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire SCIQ, ESIEA Group, 9 Rue V\u00e9sale, 75005 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35298706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109597928","display_name":"Jean Louis Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35298706","display_name":"ESIEA University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g6cx256","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35298706"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean Louis Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire SCIQ, ESIEA Group, 9 Rue V\u00e9sale, 75005 Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire SCIQ, ESIEA Group, 9 Rue V\u00e9sale, 75005 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35298706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033105669","display_name":"Jeremy Cocks","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35298706","display_name":"ESIEA University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g6cx256","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35298706"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Cocks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire SCIQ, ESIEA Group, 9 Rue V\u00e9sale, 75005 Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire SCIQ, ESIEA Group, 9 Rue V\u00e9sale, 75005 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35298706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009250739","display_name":"Qiuping Alexandre Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35298706","display_name":"ESIEA University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g6cx256","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35298706"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108471","display_name":"Le Mans Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/01mtcc283","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132387","display_name":"Institut des Mol\u00e9cules et Mat\u00e9riaux du Mans","ror":"https://ror.org/03a9gd656","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210108471","https://openalex.org/I4210128300","https://openalex.org/I4210132387"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiuping Alexandre Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMMM, CNRS UMR 6283, Le Mans Universit\u00e9, Ave. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France","Laboratoire SCIQ, ESIEA Group, 9 Rue V\u00e9sale, 75005 Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMMM, CNRS UMR 6283, Le Mans Universit\u00e9, Ave. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132387","https://openalex.org/I4210108471","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire SCIQ, ESIEA Group, 9 Rue V\u00e9sale, 75005 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35298706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009250739"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I35298706","https://openalex.org/I4210108471","https://openalex.org/I4210132387"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01448993,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"2","first_page":"305","last_page":"305"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10487","display_name":"Plant and animal studies","score":0.9697999954223633,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preferential-attachment","display_name":"Preferential attachment","score":0.7698558568954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.579820990562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.5720227360725403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5407301187515259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4891522228717804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.441273957490921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.4266008138656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4157960116863251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-system","display_name":"Biological system","score":0.3389657139778137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.324127197265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20334503054618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.13178959488868713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-network","display_name":"Complex network","score":0.1085660457611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.09869933128356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.08864161372184753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.08801677823066711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.07258638739585876}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780600066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239828","display_name":"Preferential attachment","level":3,"score":0.7698558568954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.579820990562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5720227360725403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5407301187515259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4891522228717804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.441273957490921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.4266008138656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4157960116863251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.3389657139778137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.324127197265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20334503054618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.13178959488868713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.1085660457611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.09869933128356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.08864161372184753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.08801677823066711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07258638739585876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25020305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25020305","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/2/305/pdf?version=1675844834","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36832671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36832671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03977828v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03977828","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03977828/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, 2023, 25 (2), pp.305. &#x27E8;10.3390/e25020305&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9955878","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9955878","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9955878/pdf/entropy-25-00305.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:875fd4854609437fbca16b0e1a64c1c7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/875fd4854609437fbca16b0e1a64c1c7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 25, Iss 2, p 305 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/25/2/305/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25020305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25020305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25020305","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/2/305/pdf?version=1675844834","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319440537.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967726229","https://openalex.org/W2000042664","https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2019813841","https://openalex.org/W2032516423","https://openalex.org/W2036671379","https://openalex.org/W2080450835","https://openalex.org/W2084138103","https://openalex.org/W2204454685","https://openalex.org/W2315353958","https://openalex.org/W2604262976","https://openalex.org/W2801982793","https://openalex.org/W3208337555","https://openalex.org/W4210901545","https://openalex.org/W4281556090","https://openalex.org/W4365997746"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1945989287","https://openalex.org/W2029818382","https://openalex.org/W1966755767","https://openalex.org/W2888811359","https://openalex.org/W2360398523","https://openalex.org/W4311407303","https://openalex.org/W2141185052","https://openalex.org/W2611952155","https://openalex.org/W2598756243","https://openalex.org/W4300463012"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Preferential":[0],"attachment":[1,95],"(PA)":[2],"is":[3,25,33,97],"a":[4,34,60,77,91],"widely":[5],"observed":[6],"behavior":[7],"in":[8,16,50],"many":[9,18],"living":[10],"systems":[11],"and":[12],"has":[13],"been":[14],"used":[15],"modeling":[17],"networks.":[19],"The":[20,83],"aim":[21],"of":[22,31,36,40,63,81,85,94],"this":[23,48],"work":[24],"to":[26],"show":[27],"that":[28],"the":[29,37,64,87],"mechanism":[30],"PA":[32,45,66],"consequence":[35],"fundamental":[38],"principle":[39,49],"least":[41],"effort.":[42],"We":[43],"derive":[44],"directly":[46],"from":[47],"maximizing":[51],"an":[52],"efficiency":[53,88,96],"function.":[54],"This":[55],"approach":[56],"not":[57],"only":[58],"allows":[59],"better":[61],"understanding":[62],"different":[65],"mechanisms":[67,75],"already":[68],"reported":[69],"but":[70],"also":[71,98],"naturally":[72],"extends":[73],"these":[74],"with":[76],"non-power":[78],"law":[79],"probability":[80],"attachment.":[82],"possibility":[84],"using":[86],"function":[89],"as":[90],"general":[92],"measure":[93],"investigated.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
