{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3123509516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23020157","title":"Collective Strategy Condensation: When Envy Splits Societies","display_name":"Collective Strategy Condensation: When Envy Splits Societies","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3123509516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23020157","mag":"3123509516","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33514037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23020157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23020157","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/2/157/pdf?version=1612863904","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/2/157/pdf?version=1612863904","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041243848","display_name":"Claudius Gros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2126-0843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Claudius Gros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Theoretical Physics, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2126-0843","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Theoretical Physics, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041243848"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.6485,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72683811,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"157","last_page":"157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12312","display_name":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.558951735496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.5582174062728882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.539273738861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategy","display_name":"Strategy","score":0.5309461951255798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nash-equilibrium","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","score":0.4807955324649811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analogy","display_name":"Analogy","score":0.45884642004966736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trait","display_name":"Trait","score":0.45830467343330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individualism","display_name":"Individualism","score":0.42256537079811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.4178244173526764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.41631221771240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.38092491030693054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.25736773014068604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.21092817187309265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.09284472465515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.08356598019599915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.08305191993713379}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.558951735496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.5582174062728882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.539273738861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88959737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1546627","display_name":"Strategy","level":3,"score":0.5309461951255798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46814582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23389","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.4807955324649811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521332185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185816","display_name":"Analogy","level":2,"score":0.45884642004966736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106934330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873","display_name":"Trait","level":2,"score":0.45830467343330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17022365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171995","display_name":"Individualism","level":2,"score":0.42256537079811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4178244173526764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41631221771240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.38092491030693054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25736773014068604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.21092817187309265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.09284472465515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08356598019599915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.08305191993713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23020157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23020157","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/2/157/pdf?version=1612863904","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33514037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33514037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2101.10824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.10824","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.10824","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7911481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7911481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:15dd371fa6784bcabe3b8c694d643470","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/15dd371fa6784bcabe3b8c694d643470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 23, Iss 2, p 157 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/23/2/157/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23020157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 23; Issue 2; Pages: 157","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de:57448","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/57448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400432","display_name":"Publication Server of Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (Goethe University Frankfurt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","host_organization_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23020157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23020157","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/2/157/pdf?version=1612863904","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3123509516.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3123509516.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488667070","https://openalex.org/W1556726625","https://openalex.org/W1580449292","https://openalex.org/W1794262742","https://openalex.org/W1979367456","https://openalex.org/W1982151940","https://openalex.org/W1983610472","https://openalex.org/W1992446474","https://openalex.org/W2016085394","https://openalex.org/W2024272180","https://openalex.org/W2036083037","https://openalex.org/W2050431763","https://openalex.org/W2062414996","https://openalex.org/W2070907364","https://openalex.org/W2080780366","https://openalex.org/W2095650263","https://openalex.org/W2104133664","https://openalex.org/W2105973197","https://openalex.org/W2115999490","https://openalex.org/W2123880300","https://openalex.org/W2158346874","https://openalex.org/W2418477685","https://openalex.org/W2755270689","https://openalex.org/W2755933819","https://openalex.org/W2773741927","https://openalex.org/W2782821321","https://openalex.org/W2787149425","https://openalex.org/W2942689514","https://openalex.org/W2949917084","https://openalex.org/W2950512803","https://openalex.org/W2951322743","https://openalex.org/W2955916618","https://openalex.org/W2980149772","https://openalex.org/W3036912152","https://openalex.org/W3098707001","https://openalex.org/W3099192658","https://openalex.org/W3103652727","https://openalex.org/W3122637671","https://openalex.org/W3123711457","https://openalex.org/W3124063026","https://openalex.org/W3125022319","https://openalex.org/W3148930093","https://openalex.org/W4211095127","https://openalex.org/W4236000330","https://openalex.org/W4236158019","https://openalex.org/W6675614675","https://openalex.org/W6769194199"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518504063","https://openalex.org/W2306890758","https://openalex.org/W4322484697","https://openalex.org/W3124939555","https://openalex.org/W1965019781","https://openalex.org/W2733656312","https://openalex.org/W2803931294","https://openalex.org/W591320868","https://openalex.org/W4313452739","https://openalex.org/W2478545307"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"societies":[1],"are":[2,49,150,163],"characterized":[3],"by":[4,165],"three":[5],"constituent":[6],"features,":[7],"besides":[8],"others.":[9,42,53],"(A)":[10],"Options,":[11],"as":[12,41,70],"for":[13,37,153],"jobs":[14],"and":[15,25,96,148,159],"societal":[16],"positions,":[17],"differ":[18],"with":[19,64],"respect":[20],"to":[21,31,52,59,81,122,171],"their":[22],"associated":[23],"monetary":[24],"non-monetary":[26],"payoffs.":[27],"(B)":[28],"Competition":[29],"leads":[30,80],"reduced":[32],"payoffs":[33],"when":[34,100],"individuals":[35],"compete":[36],"the":[38,76,108,123,126],"same":[39],"option":[40],"(C)":[43],"People":[44],"care":[45],"about":[46],"how":[47],"they":[48],"doing":[50],"relatively":[51],"The":[54,146],"latter":[55],"trait":[56],"-the":[57],"propensity":[58],"compare":[60],"one's":[61],"own":[62],"success":[63],"that":[65,75],"of":[66,78,86,107,125,128,157],"others-":[67],"expresses":[68],"itself":[69],"envy.":[71],"It":[72],"is":[73,116,120,176],"shown":[74],"combination":[77],"(A)-(C)":[79],"spontaneous":[82],"class":[83],"stratification.":[84],"Societies":[85],"agents":[87,138,158],"split":[88],"endogenously":[89],"into":[90],"two":[91],"social":[92],"classes,":[93],"an":[94,133],"upper":[95],"a":[97,112],"lower":[98],"class,":[99],"envy":[101],"becomes":[102],"relevant.":[103],"A":[104],"comprehensive":[105],"analysis":[106],"Nash":[109],"equilibria":[110],"characterizing":[111],"basic":[113],"reference":[114],"game":[115],"presented.":[117],"Class":[118],"separation":[119],"due":[121],"condensation":[124],"strategies":[127],"lower-class":[129],"agents,":[130],"which":[131],"play":[132],"identical":[134],"mixed":[135],"strategy.":[136],"Upper-class":[137],"do":[139],"not":[140],"condense,":[141],"following":[142],"individualist":[143],"pure":[144],"strategies.":[145],"model":[147],"results":[149,162],"size-consistent,":[151],"holding":[152],"arbitrary":[154],"large":[155],"numbers":[156],"options.":[160],"Analytic":[161],"confirmed":[164],"extensive":[166],"numerical":[167],"simulations.":[168],"An":[169],"analogy":[170],"interacting":[172],"confined":[173],"classical":[174],"particles":[175],"discussed.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
