{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380681197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data8060107","title":"A Preliminary Investigation of a Single Shock Impact on Italian Mortality Rates Using STMF Data: A Case Study of COVID-19","display_name":"A Preliminary Investigation of a Single Shock Impact on Italian Mortality Rates Using STMF Data: A Case Study of COVID-19","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380681197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data8060107"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data8060107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data8060107","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/8/6/107/pdf?version=1686726278","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/8/6/107/pdf?version=1686726278","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081885514","display_name":"Maria Francesca Carfora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4570-1690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106125","display_name":"Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo Mauro Picone","ror":"https://ror.org/00ygy3d85","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106125","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maria Francesca Carfora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo \u201cMauro Picone\u201d, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4570-1690","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo \u201cMauro Picone\u201d, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106125","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075268256","display_name":"Albina Orlando","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4637-1694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106125","display_name":"Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo Mauro Picone","ror":"https://ror.org/00ygy3d85","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106125","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Albina Orlando","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo \u201cMauro Picone\u201d, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4637-1694","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo \u201cMauro Picone\u201d, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106125","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075268256","https://openalex.org/A5081885514"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106125","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.8498,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71345069,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"107","last_page":"107"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12011","display_name":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12011","display_name":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11244","display_name":"Climate Change and Health Impacts","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"Pandemic","score":0.7005771994590759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality-rate","display_name":"Mortality rate","score":0.639383852481842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shock","display_name":"Shock (circulatory)","score":0.6337027549743652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.5536676645278931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longevity","display_name":"Longevity","score":0.49520912766456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4929926097393036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.47750324010849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.41729769110679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.41315802931785583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.339616060256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.3067760467529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gerontology","display_name":"Gerontology","score":0.19097170233726501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.18985560536384583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.10641413927078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.07920587062835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-disease","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","score":0.07481232285499573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.7005771994590759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.639383852481842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781300812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178061","display_name":"Shock (circulatory)","level":2,"score":0.6337027549743652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5536676645278931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776759703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066907","display_name":"Longevity","level":2,"score":0.49520912766456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4929926097393036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.47750324010849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.41729769110679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.41315802931785583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.339616060256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3067760467529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.19097170233726501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18985560536384583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.10641413927078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.07920587062835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.07481232285499573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/data8060107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data8060107","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/8/6/107/pdf?version=1686726278","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jdataj:v:8:y:2023:i:6:p:107-:d:1170369","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/8/6/107/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:db6c5a87987b485e8d2cbecb35cf0c3c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/db6c5a87987b485e8d2cbecb35cf0c3c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data, Vol 8, Iss 6, p 107 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2306-5729/8/6/107/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data8060107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data; Volume 8; Issue 6; Pages: 107","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data8060107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data8060107","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/8/6/107/pdf?version=1686726278","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380681197.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W245515487","https://openalex.org/W2156763096","https://openalex.org/W2595882584","https://openalex.org/W3026968909","https://openalex.org/W3124952109","https://openalex.org/W3126986750","https://openalex.org/W3196309215","https://openalex.org/W3196455938","https://openalex.org/W3202586309","https://openalex.org/W3204811565","https://openalex.org/W3210231302","https://openalex.org/W3216119303","https://openalex.org/W4214810733","https://openalex.org/W4229453503","https://openalex.org/W4242618027","https://openalex.org/W4285086015","https://openalex.org/W4306411823","https://openalex.org/W6642282386"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585830474","https://openalex.org/W4315797749","https://openalex.org/W2393707090","https://openalex.org/W2188080485","https://openalex.org/W2539138474","https://openalex.org/W561829362","https://openalex.org/W2017343380","https://openalex.org/W4240441889","https://openalex.org/W2060694610","https://openalex.org/W3020901859"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mortality":[0,81,136,186],"shocks,":[1],"such":[2,265],"as":[3,69,71,129,266],"pandemics,":[4],"threaten":[5],"the":[6,12,16,24,47,50,109,112,117,134,143,149,161,180,184,193,202,205,210,213,221,224,230,234,239,243,248,257,267,277],"consolidated":[7],"longevity":[8,52],"improvements,":[9],"confirmed":[10],"in":[11,49,66,72,171,229,256],"last":[13],"decades":[14],"for":[15,30,98,142,251],"majority":[17],"of":[18,88,111,133,145,183,204,212,223,242,279],"western":[19],"countries.":[20,42],"Indeed,":[21],"just":[22],"before":[23],"COVID-19":[25,118,268],"pandemic,":[26],"mortality":[27,90,113,122,151,159,164,214,245,286,294],"was":[28],"falling":[29],"all":[31],"ages,":[32],"with":[33,148,179],"a":[34,103,130,261],"different":[35,39],"behavior":[36],"according":[37],"to":[38,106,157,176,237,282],"ages":[40],"and":[41,75,140,169,208,253,288],"It":[43],"is":[44,138,173],"indubitable":[45],"that":[46,259],"changes":[48],"population":[51],"induced":[53],"by":[54,92,116,167,192],"shock":[55,114,263],"events,":[56],"even":[57],"transitory":[58],"ones,":[59],"affecting":[60],"demographic":[61],"projections,":[62],"have":[63],"financial":[64],"implications":[65],"public":[67],"spending":[68],"well":[70],"pension":[73],"plans":[74],"life":[76],"insurance.":[77],"The":[78],"Short":[79],"Term":[80],"Fluctuations":[82],"(STMF)":[83],"data":[84,87,147,228],"series,":[85],"providing":[86],"all-cause":[89],"fluctuations":[91],"week":[93],"within":[94],"each":[95],"calendar":[96],"year":[97],"38":[99],"countries":[100],"worldwide,":[101],"offers":[102],"powerful":[104],"tool":[105],"timely":[107],"analyze":[108],"effects":[110],"caused":[115],"pandemic":[119],"on":[120,201,209,292],"Italian":[121,244],"rates.":[123,215],"This":[124],"dataset,":[125],"recently":[126],"made":[127],"available":[128],"new":[131],"component":[132],"Human":[135,185],"Database,":[137,187],"described":[139],"techniques":[141],"integration":[144,222],"its":[146],"historical":[150],"time":[152],"series":[153],"are":[154,190,198],"proposed.":[155],"Then,":[156],"forecast":[158,211],"rates,":[160,246],"well-known":[162],"stochastic":[163],"model":[165,206,236],"proposed":[166],"Lee":[168],"Carter":[170],"1992":[172],"first":[174],"considered,":[175],"be":[177],"consistent":[178],"internal":[181],"processing":[182],"where":[188],"exposures":[189],"estimated":[191],"Lee\u2013Carter":[194,235],"model;":[195],"empirical":[196],"results":[197],"discussed":[199],"both":[200],"estimation":[203],"coefficients":[207],"In":[216],"detail,":[217],"we":[218,271],"show":[219],"how":[220],"yearly":[225],"aggregated":[226],"STMF":[227],"HMD":[231],"database":[232],"allows":[233],"capture":[238],"complex":[240],"evolution":[241],"including":[247],"higher":[249],"lethality":[250],"males":[252],"older":[254],"people,":[255],"years":[258],"follow":[260],"large":[262],"event":[264],"pandemic.":[269],"Finally,":[270],"discuss":[272],"some":[273],"key":[274],"points":[275],"concerning":[276],"improvement":[278],"existing":[280],"models":[281],"take":[283],"into":[284],"account":[285],"shocks":[287],"evaluate":[289],"their":[290],"impact":[291],"future":[293],"dynamics.":[295]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-24T23:09:58.560324","created_date":"2023-06-15T00:00:00"}