{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3045554119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data5030067","title":"Multi-Slot BLE Raw Database for Accurate Positioning in Mixed Indoor/Outdoor Environments","display_name":"Multi-Slot BLE Raw Database for Accurate Positioning in Mixed Indoor/Outdoor Environments","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3045554119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data5030067","mag":"3045554119"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data5030067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data5030067","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/5/3/67/pdf?version=1600062913","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/5/3/67/pdf?version=1600062913","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091307110","display_name":"Fernando J. Aranda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3824-3094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80606768","display_name":"Universidad de Extremadura","ror":"https://ror.org/0174shg90","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fernando J. Aranda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sensory Systems Research Group, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sensory Systems Research Group, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042595313","display_name":"Felipe Parralejo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1739-829X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80606768","display_name":"Universidad de Extremadura","ror":"https://ror.org/0174shg90","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felipe Parralejo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sensory Systems Research Group, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1739-829X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sensory Systems Research Group, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100711342","display_name":"Fernando J. \u00c1lvarez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7610-1452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80606768","display_name":"Universidad de Extremadura","ror":"https://ror.org/0174shg90","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando J. \u00c1lvarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sensory Systems Research Group, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sensory Systems Research Group, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059422222","display_name":"Joaqu\u00edn Torres-Sospedra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4338-4334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10902133","display_name":"Universitat Jaume I","ror":"https://ror.org/02ws1xc11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joaqu\u00edn Torres-Sospedra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicente Sos Baynat S/N, 12071 Castell\u00f3n, Spain","UBIK Geospatial Solutions S.L., Espaitec2, Campus de Riu Sec, Avda. Vicente Sos Baynat S/N, 12006 Castell\u00f3n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4338-4334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicente Sos Baynat S/N, 12071 Castell\u00f3n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UBIK Geospatial Solutions S.L., Espaitec2, Campus de Riu Sec, Avda. Vicente Sos Baynat S/N, 12006 Castell\u00f3n, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091307110"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":3.121,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92229949,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"67","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9725000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beacon","display_name":"Beacon","score":0.9556131958961487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth-low-energy","display_name":"Bluetooth Low Energy","score":0.7872219681739807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7494668364524841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-positioning-system","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","score":0.6423630118370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-system","display_name":"Positioning system","score":0.6330910921096802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth","display_name":"Bluetooth","score":0.5738274455070496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-positioning-system","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","score":0.5541608929634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/location-based-service","display_name":"Location-based service","score":0.4863770306110382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4844789206981659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-strength","display_name":"Signal strength","score":0.4680205285549164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/received-signal-strength-indication","display_name":"Received signal strength indication","score":0.46460384130477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raw-data","display_name":"Raw data","score":0.4352061152458191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.4172014594078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4051864743232727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.40116122364997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.3938591778278351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3564460277557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.21530339121818542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07437723875045776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.07404020428657532}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102168758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7321258","display_name":"Beacon","level":2,"score":0.9556131958961487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776418194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1638779","display_name":"Bluetooth Low Energy","level":4,"score":0.7872219681739807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7494668364524841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187394410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","level":4,"score":0.6423630118370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.6330910921096802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546215728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39531","display_name":"Bluetooth","level":3,"score":0.5738274455070496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777486483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6026477","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","level":3,"score":0.5541608929634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155292070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1198122","display_name":"Location-based service","level":2,"score":0.4863770306110382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4844789206981659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176808163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105794","display_name":"Signal strength","level":3,"score":0.4680205285549164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778913798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195672","display_name":"Received signal strength indication","level":3,"score":0.46460384130477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132964779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw data","level":2,"score":0.4352061152458191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4172014594078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4051864743232727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.40116122364997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.3938591778278351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3564460277557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.21530339121818542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07437723875045776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.07404020428657532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/data5030067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data5030067","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/5/3/67/pdf?version=1600062913","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositori.uji.es:10234/189948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10234/189948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400303","display_name":"Repositori UJI (Universitat Jaume I)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I10902133","host_organization_name":"Universitat Jaume I","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jdataj:v:5:y:2020:i:3:p:67-:d:392383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/5/3/67/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:37b0b7ddad38481b9486ddbea6a1ecbb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/37b0b7ddad38481b9486ddbea6a1ecbb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data, Vol 5, Iss 3, p 67 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2306-5729/5/3/67/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data5030067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data; Volume 5; Issue 3; Pages: 67","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data5030067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data5030067","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/5/3/67/pdf?version=1600062913","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.75,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3045554119.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3045554119.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W195533127","https://openalex.org/W1142712111","https://openalex.org/W1486493947","https://openalex.org/W1981373725","https://openalex.org/W2011632936","https://openalex.org/W2033548075","https://openalex.org/W2034782889","https://openalex.org/W2040213547","https://openalex.org/W2047064359","https://openalex.org/W2089511987","https://openalex.org/W2101528975","https://openalex.org/W2117736292","https://openalex.org/W2133409669","https://openalex.org/W2139144587","https://openalex.org/W2142870898","https://openalex.org/W2144723957","https://openalex.org/W2150053437","https://openalex.org/W2278572312","https://openalex.org/W2306156530","https://openalex.org/W2411267720","https://openalex.org/W2592886873","https://openalex.org/W2604710118","https://openalex.org/W2623902153","https://openalex.org/W2769811483","https://openalex.org/W2770860920","https://openalex.org/W2781561575","https://openalex.org/W2787516708","https://openalex.org/W2787919002","https://openalex.org/W2791124749","https://openalex.org/W2799914042","https://openalex.org/W2806729898","https://openalex.org/W2888280025","https://openalex.org/W2904446252","https://openalex.org/W2911091386","https://openalex.org/W2967959334","https://openalex.org/W3003879603","https://openalex.org/W3008604130","https://openalex.org/W3045554119","https://openalex.org/W3208996414","https://openalex.org/W4394159617","https://openalex.org/W6607976765","https://openalex.org/W6763270270"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2612405521","https://openalex.org/W4310175343","https://openalex.org/W4241648783","https://openalex.org/W2997722037","https://openalex.org/W3171659835","https://openalex.org/W3204118479","https://openalex.org/W2149771547","https://openalex.org/W3043335126","https://openalex.org/W4283709933","https://openalex.org/W1541136496"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,65],"technologies":[1],"and":[2,35,101],"sensors":[3],"embedded":[4],"in":[5,60,81,92,111,127],"smartphones":[6],"have":[7],"contributed":[8],"to":[9,73,117],"the":[10,74,77,83,96,102,105,108,139],"spread":[11],"of":[12,18,51,76,79,94,98,104],"disruptive":[13],"applications":[14],"built":[15],"on":[16,57,69],"top":[17],"Location":[19],"Based":[20],"Services":[21],"(LBSs).":[22],"Among":[23],"them,":[24],"Bluetooth":[25],"Low":[26],"Energy":[27],"(BLE)":[28],"has":[29],"been":[30],"widely":[31],"adopted":[32],"for":[33],"proximity":[34],"localization,":[36],"as":[37],"it":[38],"is":[39,85],"a":[40,49,61],"simple":[41],"but":[42],"efficient":[43],"positioning":[44,63,123,134],"technology.":[45],"This":[46],"article":[47],"presents":[48],"database":[50,84],"received":[52],"signal":[53],"strength":[54],"measurements":[55],"(RSSIs)":[56],"BLE":[58,106],"signals":[59],"real":[62],"system.":[64],"system":[66],"was":[67],"deployed":[68],"two":[70],"buildings":[71],"belonging":[72],"campus":[75],"University":[78],"Extremadura":[80],"Badajoz.":[82],"divided":[86],"into":[87],"three":[88],"different":[89],"deployments,":[90],"changing":[91],"each":[93],"them":[95],"number":[97],"measurement":[99],"points":[100],"configuration":[103],"beacons.":[107],"beacons":[109],"used":[110],"this":[112,128],"work":[113,129],"can":[114],"broadcast":[115],"up":[116],"six":[118],"emission":[119],"slots":[120],"simultaneously.":[121],"Fingerprinting":[122],"experiments":[124],"are":[125],"presented":[126],"using":[130],"multiple":[131],"slots,":[132],"improving":[133],"accuracy":[135],"when":[136],"compared":[137],"with":[138],"traditional":[140],"single":[141],"slot":[142],"approach.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2020-08-03T00:00:00"}
