{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416360488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data10110192","title":"A Data-Driven Analysis of Cognitive Learning and Illusion Effects in University Mathematics","display_name":"A Data-Driven Analysis of Cognitive Learning and Illusion Effects in University Mathematics","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416360488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data10110192"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data10110192","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data10110192","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/10/11/192/pdf?version=1763554236","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/10/11/192/pdf?version=1763554236","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024563842","display_name":"Rodolfo Bojorque","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6045-8692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132940433","display_name":"Politecnica Salesiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f11af73","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132940433"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rodolfo Bojorque","raw_affiliation_strings":["Campus El Vecino, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica Salesiana, Cuenca 010102, Ecuador","Math Innovation Group, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica Salesiana, Cuenca 010102, Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6045-8692","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Campus El Vecino, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica Salesiana, Cuenca 010102, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132940433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Math Innovation Group, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica Salesiana, Cuenca 010102, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132940433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105014616","display_name":"Fernando Moscoso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1226-4479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132940433","display_name":"Politecnica Salesiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f11af73","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132940433"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Moscoso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Campus El Vecino, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica Salesiana, Cuenca 010102, Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1226-4479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Campus El Vecino, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica Salesiana, Cuenca 010102, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132940433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047165939","display_name":"Miguel Arcos-Argudo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7056-8588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132940433","display_name":"Politecnica Salesiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f11af73","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132940433"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Arcos-Argudo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Campus El Vecino, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica Salesiana, Cuenca 010102, Ecuador","Math Innovation Group, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica Salesiana, Cuenca 010102, Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7056-8588","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Campus El Vecino, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica Salesiana, Cuenca 010102, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132940433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Math Innovation Group, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica Salesiana, Cuenca 010102, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132940433"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031822647","display_name":"Fernando Pes\u00e1ntez-Avil\u00e9s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1799-0795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132940433","display_name":"Politecnica Salesiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f11af73","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132940433"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Pes\u00e1ntez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Campus El Vecino, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica Salesiana, Cuenca 010102, Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1799-0795","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Campus El Vecino, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica Salesiana, Cuenca 010102, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132940433"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024563842"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132940433"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":1.8526,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89026269,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"11","first_page":"192","last_page":"192"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.2971000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.2971000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.07639999687671661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11039","display_name":"Evaluation of Teaching Practices","score":0.06459999829530716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overconfidence-effect","display_name":"Overconfidence effect","score":0.6945000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metacognition","display_name":"Metacognition","score":0.6486999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluency","display_name":"Fluency","score":0.6291000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illusion","display_name":"Illusion","score":0.6222000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol-analysis","display_name":"Protocol analysis","score":0.4742000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verbal-fluency-test","display_name":"Verbal fluency test","score":0.3571000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illusion-of-control","display_name":"Illusion of control","score":0.3368000090122223}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51110983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16503490","display_name":"Overconfidence effect","level":2,"score":0.6945000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118147538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126970","display_name":"Metacognition","level":3,"score":0.6486999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777413886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276013","display_name":"Fluency","level":2,"score":0.6291000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184047640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182593","display_name":"Illusion","level":2,"score":0.6222000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5735999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5315999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4828000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133112747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7251931","display_name":"Protocol analysis","level":2,"score":0.4742000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97530452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7920939","display_name":"Verbal fluency test","level":4,"score":0.3571000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148116889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1065707","display_name":"Illusion of control","level":2,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61641136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Cognitive load","level":3,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778370645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5668585","display_name":"Note-taking","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.25600001215934753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/data10110192","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data10110192","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/10/11/192/pdf?version=1763554236","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d4a1522ec0e241e79e0af26e5424c23e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d4a1522ec0e241e79e0af26e5424c23e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data, Vol 10, Iss 11, p 192 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data10110192","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data10110192","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/10/11/192/pdf?version=1763554236","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416360488.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416360488.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1551893649","https://openalex.org/W2010593734","https://openalex.org/W2019178217","https://openalex.org/W2071235804","https://openalex.org/W2108617939","https://openalex.org/W2157565254","https://openalex.org/W2162764535","https://openalex.org/W2935844646","https://openalex.org/W2971755171","https://openalex.org/W3130131183","https://openalex.org/W3159874712","https://openalex.org/W4311784629","https://openalex.org/W4390561559","https://openalex.org/W4391679570","https://openalex.org/W4407255475"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,137],"increasing":[1],"adoption":[2],"of":[3,32,53,59,102,114,127,207],"video-based":[4],"instruction":[5],"and":[6,25,44,62,84,124,141,151,162,177,198,216,229],"digital":[7],"assessment":[8],"in":[9,68,132,170,175,180,224,232],"higher":[10,233],"education":[11],"has":[12],"reshaped":[13],"how":[14,49,74],"students":[15,130,187],"interact":[16],"with":[17,117,154],"learning":[18,46,225],"materials.":[19],"However,":[20],"it":[21,72],"also":[22],"introduces":[23],"cognitive":[24,66,80,147,193],"behavioral":[26,230],"biases":[27],"that":[28,97,185,219],"challenge":[29],"the":[30,40,57,99,105,112,165,204],"accuracy":[31],"self-perceived":[33],"learning.":[34],"This":[35,91],"study":[36,64,166],"aims":[37],"to":[38,88,107,203],"bridge":[39],"gap":[41,194],"between":[42,196],"perceived":[43,197],"actual":[45,199],"by":[47,56],"investigating":[48],"illusion":[50,103],"learning\u2014an":[51],"overestimation":[52],"understanding":[54,109,206],"driven":[55],"fluency":[58,113],"instructional":[60,115],"media":[61],"autonomous":[63],"behaviors\u2014affects":[65],"performance":[67,76],"university":[69],"mathematics.":[70],"Specifically,":[71],"examines":[73],"students\u2019":[75],"evolves":[77],"across":[78,145],"Bloom\u2019s":[79,155],"domains":[81,148],"(Understanding,":[82,149],"Application,":[83,150],"Analysis)":[85,152],"from":[86,121],"midterm":[87,140],"final":[89,142],"assessments.":[90],"paper":[92,211],"presents":[93],"a":[94,122,133,192,213],"data-driven":[95],"investigation":[96],"combines":[98],"theoretical":[100,205],"framework":[101,218],"learning,":[104],"tendency":[106],"overestimate":[108],"based":[110],"on":[111],"media,":[116],"empirical":[118],"evidence":[119],"drawn":[120],"structured":[123],"anonymized":[125],"dataset":[126,138,215],"294":[128],"undergraduate":[129],"enrolled":[131],"Linear":[134],"Algebra":[135],"course.":[136],"records":[139],"exam":[143],"scores":[144],"three":[146],"aligned":[153],"taxonomy.":[156],"Through":[157],"paired-sample":[158],"testing,":[159],"descriptive":[160],"analytics,":[161,226],"visual":[163],"inspection,":[164],"identifies":[167],"significant":[168],"improvement":[169],"analytical":[171],"reasoning,":[172],"moderate":[173],"progress":[174],"application,":[176],"persistent":[178],"overconfidence":[179],"self-assessment.":[181],"These":[182],"results":[183],"suggest":[184],"while":[186],"develop":[188],"higher-order":[189],"problem-solving":[190],"skills,":[191],"remains":[195],"mastery.":[200],"Beyond":[201],"contributing":[202],"metacognitive":[208],"illusion,":[209],"this":[210],"provides":[212],"reproducible":[214],"analysis":[217],"can":[220],"inform":[221],"future":[222],"work":[223],"educational":[227],"psychology,":[228],"modeling":[231],"education.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T07:00:12.390032","created_date":"2025-11-19T00:00:00"}
