{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392162350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography8010007","title":"Threats, Attacks, and Cryptography Frameworks of Cybersecurity in Critical Infrastructures","display_name":"Threats, Attacks, and Cryptography Frameworks of Cybersecurity in Critical Infrastructures","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392162350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography8010007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography8010007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography8010007","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/8/1/7/pdf?version=1708852012","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/8/1/7/pdf?version=1708852012","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066477901","display_name":"Kyriaki Tsantikidou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8416-1981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kyriaki Tsantikidou","raw_affiliation_strings":["SCYTALE Group, Computer Engineering and Informatics Department, University of Patras, 26504 Patra, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SCYTALE Group, Computer Engineering and Informatics Department, University of Patras, 26504 Patra, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044704128","display_name":"Nicolas Sklavos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-4277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolas Sklavos","raw_affiliation_strings":["SCYTALE Group, Computer Engineering and Informatics Department, University of Patras, 26504 Patra, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-4277","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SCYTALE Group, Computer Engineering and Informatics Department, University of Patras, 26504 Patra, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066477901"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":8.5191,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98244333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"7","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7874169945716858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6976133584976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.6526185274124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6307815313339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.5456893444061279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4537539482116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","score":0.4463389217853546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.08010387420654297}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7874169945716858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6976133584976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.6526185274124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6307815313339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.5456893444061279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4537539482116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.4463389217853546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.08010387420654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography8010007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography8010007","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/8/1/7/pdf?version=1708852012","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a6a6aa35392a403a86551e655177bad6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a6a6aa35392a403a86551e655177bad6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography, Vol 8, Iss 1, p 7 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography8010007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography8010007","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/8/1/7/pdf?version=1708852012","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7989878782","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11093","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327859","funder_display_name":"Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327859","display_name":"Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392162350.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048063069","https://openalex.org/W2610964475","https://openalex.org/W2757439568","https://openalex.org/W2765134690","https://openalex.org/W2796215551","https://openalex.org/W2875475762","https://openalex.org/W2895182117","https://openalex.org/W2897514040","https://openalex.org/W2901050362","https://openalex.org/W2903056849","https://openalex.org/W2946344195","https://openalex.org/W2947347047","https://openalex.org/W2968774960","https://openalex.org/W2969468102","https://openalex.org/W2995337001","https://openalex.org/W2996089418","https://openalex.org/W3012270870","https://openalex.org/W3017165746","https://openalex.org/W3017246588","https://openalex.org/W3041912091","https://openalex.org/W3082273522","https://openalex.org/W3082683867","https://openalex.org/W3091854260","https://openalex.org/W3099657484","https://openalex.org/W3112244098","https://openalex.org/W3118022559","https://openalex.org/W3130494471","https://openalex.org/W3131988611","https://openalex.org/W3136931855","https://openalex.org/W3138360497","https://openalex.org/W3151647389","https://openalex.org/W3191590918","https://openalex.org/W3199062033","https://openalex.org/W3200786402","https://openalex.org/W3201326868","https://openalex.org/W3207886650","https://openalex.org/W3213353687","https://openalex.org/W3216626198","https://openalex.org/W4205272821","https://openalex.org/W4206497059","https://openalex.org/W4207001703","https://openalex.org/W4214944224","https://openalex.org/W4224254383","https://openalex.org/W4224311718","https://openalex.org/W4224932126","https://openalex.org/W4225794100","https://openalex.org/W4226059379","https://openalex.org/W4226398874","https://openalex.org/W4232122552","https://openalex.org/W4254789671","https://openalex.org/W4255313962","https://openalex.org/W4292971819","https://openalex.org/W4294151803","https://openalex.org/W4307203669","https://openalex.org/W4308391869","https://openalex.org/W4308520886","https://openalex.org/W4309941903","https://openalex.org/W4312230597","https://openalex.org/W4312784883","https://openalex.org/W4313163337","https://openalex.org/W4323797275","https://openalex.org/W4362558000","https://openalex.org/W4382315267","https://openalex.org/W4384502432","https://openalex.org/W4386214363","https://openalex.org/W4386766795","https://openalex.org/W4386902812"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388150944","https://openalex.org/W2120447654","https://openalex.org/W2977179488","https://openalex.org/W2144453115","https://openalex.org/W2744553356","https://openalex.org/W2128223750","https://openalex.org/W4238532390","https://openalex.org/W2188872161","https://openalex.org/W2961779879","https://openalex.org/W4388857716"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Critical":[0],"Infrastructures":[1],"(CIs),":[2],"such":[3,174],"as":[4],"healthcare":[5],"facilities,":[6],"power":[7],"grids,":[8],"transportation":[9],"systems,":[10],"and":[11,24,39,60,107,124,133,140,157,167,179,189],"financial":[12],"institutions,":[13],"are":[14,79,92,142,182],"vital":[15],"components":[16,123],"of":[17,76,98,113,150],"a":[18,62,147],"functioning":[19],"society,":[20],"with":[21,103,169,185],"the":[22,73,95,104,121,151,170,192],"economy":[23],"safety":[25],"being":[26],"dependent":[27],"on":[28,67],"them.":[29],"Nevertheless,":[30],"they":[31],"have":[32],"become":[33],"increasingly":[34],"vulnerable":[35],"to":[36,50,53,118,172],"cyber":[37],"threats":[38],"attacks":[40],"in":[41,89,163],"recent":[42,90],"years.":[43],"The":[44,144],"main":[45],"reason":[46],"is":[47,100,116,146],"their":[48,68],"inability":[49],"quickly":[51],"adapt":[52],"technological":[54],"changes,":[55],"employ":[56],"updated":[57],"cryptographic":[58,108],"frameworks,":[59],"implement":[61],"thoroughly":[63],"secure":[64,165],"architecture":[65,112],"based":[66],"characteristics.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71],"study,":[72],"unique":[74],"complexities":[75],"these":[77],"systems":[78,139],"highlighted.":[80],"Various":[81],"verified":[82],"cyberattacks":[83],"that":[84,136],"were":[85],"executed":[86],"against":[87],"CIs":[88,99],"years":[91],"analyzed.":[93],"Moreover,":[94],"general":[96],"framework":[97],"demonstrated":[101,183],"together":[102,184],"employed":[105],"technologies":[106,115],"primitives.":[109],"A":[110],"thorough":[111],"said":[114],"developed":[117],"better":[119,148],"understand":[120],"targeted":[122],"easily":[125],"identify":[126],"potentially":[127],"hidden":[128],"threats.":[129,175],"Afterwards,":[130],"threat,":[131],"adversary,":[132],"attack":[134,154],"models":[135],"target":[137],"critical":[138],"services":[141],"designed.":[143],"purpose":[145],"comprehension":[149],"systems\u2019":[152],"vulnerabilities,":[153],"structures,":[155],"motives,":[156],"targets":[158],"for":[159],"assisting":[160],"CIs\u2019":[161],"designers":[162],"creating":[164],"frameworks":[166,181],"mechanisms,":[168],"ability":[171],"mitigate":[173],"Lastly,":[176],"security":[177],"controls":[178],"cryptography":[180],"efficient":[186],"mitigation":[187],"architectures":[188],"implementations":[190],"from":[191],"research":[193],"community.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-01-24T23:23:39.755997","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}