{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3128632050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10020021","title":"Deep Feature Fusion of Fingerprint and Online Signature for Multimodal Biometrics","display_name":"Deep Feature Fusion of Fingerprint and Online Signature for Multimodal Biometrics","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3128632050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10020021","mag":"3128632050"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers10020021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10020021","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/10/2/21/pdf?version=1612695512","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/10/2/21/pdf?version=1612695512","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086586039","display_name":"Mehwish Leghari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0756-6336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126131087","display_name":"University of Sindh","ror":"https://ror.org/01d692d57","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126131087"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65146876","display_name":"Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01t34b131","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65146876"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mehwish Leghari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Department, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah 67480, Pakistan","Institute of Information and Communication Technology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Department, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah 67480, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65146876"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information and Communication Technology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126131087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113850038","display_name":"Shahzad Memon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126131087","display_name":"University of Sindh","ror":"https://ror.org/01d692d57","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126131087"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahzad Memon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information and Communication Technology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information and Communication Technology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126131087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063203542","display_name":"Lachhman Das Dhomeja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2016-1093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126131087","display_name":"University of Sindh","ror":"https://ror.org/01d692d57","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126131087"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lachhman Das Dhomeja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information and Communication Technology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information and Communication Technology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126131087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087055957","display_name":"Akhtar Hussain Jalbani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4788-3002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65146876","display_name":"Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01t34b131","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65146876"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akhtar Hussain Jalbani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Department, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah 67480, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Department, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah 67480, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65146876"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017540641","display_name":"Asghar Ali Chandio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8821-2355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65146876","display_name":"Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01t34b131","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65146876"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asghar Ali Chandio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Department, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah 67480, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Department, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah 67480, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65146876"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086586039"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126131087","https://openalex.org/I65146876"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":4.7705,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95785518,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"21","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.775678813457489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.7597595453262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6598032116889954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.6192662119865417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5871448516845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5559760928153992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5462637543678284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.44456830620765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.43993061780929565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.4265725910663605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.423258513212204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3711949586868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06975215673446655}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.775678813457489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.7597595453262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6598032116889954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6192662119865417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5871448516845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5559760928153992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5462637543678284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.44456830620765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43993061780929565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4265725910663605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.423258513212204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3711949586868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06975215673446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers10020021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10020021","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/10/2/21/pdf?version=1612695512","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:941cd03b7c1a45239793e0c03ec17066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/941cd03b7c1a45239793e0c03ec17066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Vol 10, Iss 2, p 21 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers10020021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10020021","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/10/2/21/pdf?version=1612695512","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3128632050.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3128632050.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1566270285","https://openalex.org/W1588662772","https://openalex.org/W1604018023","https://openalex.org/W1643810134","https://openalex.org/W2000277639","https://openalex.org/W2044862799","https://openalex.org/W2125095336","https://openalex.org/W2133840178","https://openalex.org/W2184113072","https://openalex.org/W2218177363","https://openalex.org/W2265356345","https://openalex.org/W2405680777","https://openalex.org/W2413246892","https://openalex.org/W2438012307","https://openalex.org/W2473819351","https://openalex.org/W2517947229","https://openalex.org/W2573972702","https://openalex.org/W2606842801","https://openalex.org/W2745105838","https://openalex.org/W2766373199","https://openalex.org/W2783706016","https://openalex.org/W2789843747","https://openalex.org/W2791311407","https://openalex.org/W2798998992","https://openalex.org/W2799891027","https://openalex.org/W2940654320","https://openalex.org/W2940927497","https://openalex.org/W2940986619","https://openalex.org/W2963419754","https://openalex.org/W2971666968","https://openalex.org/W2990079977","https://openalex.org/W2991500165","https://openalex.org/W2996778774","https://openalex.org/W3007860289","https://openalex.org/W3011615124","https://openalex.org/W3015867299","https://openalex.org/W3165086572","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6650626067","https://openalex.org/W6679835171","https://openalex.org/W6795828188"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W2095239294","https://openalex.org/W4200422973","https://openalex.org/W4233349824","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,115,196],"extensive":[1],"research":[2,11,74],"in":[3,26,112],"the":[4,10,14,21,53,87,104,122,130,135,143,153,179,184,187],"field":[5],"of":[6,16,23,64,91,98,124,161,164,169,186,202],"multimodal":[7,24,56,158],"biometrics":[8,25],"by":[9],"community":[12],"and":[13,49,70,77,93,106,126,151,166],"advent":[15],"modern":[17],"technology":[18],"has":[19],"compelled":[20],"use":[22],"real":[27],"life":[28],"applications.":[29],"Biometric":[30],"systems":[31,58],"that":[32],"are":[33,59],"based":[34,84],"on":[35],"a":[36,79,156],"single":[37],"modality":[38],"have":[39,109],"many":[40],"constraints":[41],"like":[42],"noise,":[43],"less":[44],"universality,":[45],"intra":[46],"class":[47],"variations":[48],"spoof":[50],"attacks.":[51],"On":[52],"other":[54],"hand,":[55],"biometric":[57],"gaining":[60],"greater":[61],"attention":[62],"because":[63],"their":[65],"high":[66],"accuracy,":[67],"increased":[68,192],"reliability":[69],"enhanced":[71],"security.":[72],"This":[73],"paper":[75],"proposes":[76],"develops":[78],"Convolutional":[80],"Neural":[81],"Network":[82],"(CNN)":[83],"model":[85,181],"for":[86,103],"feature":[88,99,207,216],"level":[89,100],"fusion":[90,101,120,137,141,208,217],"fingerprint":[92,105],"online":[94,107,127,170],"signature.":[95],"Two":[96],"types":[97],"schemes":[102],"signature":[108],"been":[110],"implemented":[111],"this":[113],"paper.":[114],"first":[116],"scheme":[117,138],"named":[118,139],"early":[119,206],"combines":[121,142],"features":[123,144],"fingerprints":[125,165],"signatures":[128,171],"before":[129],"fully":[131,146],"connected":[132,147],"layers,":[133],"while":[134,210],"second":[136],"late":[140,215],"after":[145],"layers.":[148],"To":[149,177],"train":[150,178],"test":[152],"proposed":[154,180],"model,":[155],"new":[157],"dataset":[159],"consisting":[160],"1400":[162,167],"samples":[163,168],"from":[172],"280":[173],"subjects":[174],"was":[175,190,212],"collected.":[176],"more":[182],"effectively,":[183],"size":[185],"training":[188],"data":[189],"further":[191],"using":[193],"augmentation":[194],"techniques.":[195],"experimental":[197],"results":[198],"show":[199],"an":[200],"accuracy":[201],"99.10%":[203],"achieved":[204,213],"with":[205,214],"scheme,":[209],"98.35%":[211],"scheme.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-29T08:15:47.926485","created_date":"2021-02-15T00:00:00"}
